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Archive for the ‘US Visa Thailand’ Category
7th November 2009
Expedited Removal and Tourist visas for a Thai fiancee or wife
Posted by : admin
The passage of the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996 (“IIRIRA”) has had ramifications that routinely affect immigrants and non-immigrant entrants attempting to enter the US even today. This legislation greatly changed United States Immigration law and procedure. At the time, IIRIRA was intended to target illegal immigration to the USA. Unfortunately, many of the provisions contained in IIRIRAhave had a critical impact upon legal immigration to the US. This article will explain one of the major powers granted to Customs and Border Protection Officers under IIRIRA: Expedited Removal
When IIRAIRA was passed its provisions Amended section 235 of the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) to allow for the expedited deportation of foreign nationals who could be deemed inadmissible under either section 212(a)(6)(C) (fraud or misrepresentation) or section 212(a)(7) (lack of documentation) of the INA. The provisions do not call for the decision to be subject to appeal and as a result, a foreign national subjected to expedited removal does not enjoy the same level of due process that most American Citizens take for granted.
If one is subjected to expedited removal, then that alien cannot gain admission to the USA for a period of 5 years. If the alien is subsequently expeditiously removed, then they will be inadmissible to the USA for 20 years. If an alien is subjected to expedited removal, it may be possible for the alien to reenter the USA within their period of inadmissibility, but the alien must first apply for advance permission to reenter the USA, which is akin to an I-601 waiver in that the advance permission must be granted before the alien will be given leave to reenter the country.
Expedited removal should be of particular interest to those seeking to bring their Thai fiancee or spouse to the US on a tourist visa. It is a common misconception that tourist visas can be used to bring a significant other to the US to marry and apply for adjustment of status. Firstly, the US tourist visa is not a dual intent travel document. A tourist visa is intended strictly for those with non-immgrant intent. Therefore, it is unlawful for a foreign fiancee to travel to the USA with undisclosed immigrant intent. That being said, as a practical matter this does happen. The Customs and Border Protection (CBP) Service can use expedited removal to turn away those attempting to enter the US on a tourist visa if they suspect that the entrant has undisclosed immigrant intent pursuant to section 212(a)(7) of the INA.
This author, along with colleagues in Southeast Asia, has noticed a recent rise in the number of expedited removals of Thais initiated by CBP. In nearly every case, the Thai being removed was the significant other of a US citizen. The Thai nationals removed in these cases were traveling to the US on either a tourist visa or a student visa. Due to this seemingly new trend, it is now more imperative than ever for Thai fiancees and wives of Americans to use the proper K1 fiance visa, K3 marriage visa, or Immigrant visa to travel to the United States.
6th November 2009
The Visa Waiver Program, 221g denials, and ESTA
Posted by : admin
The United States visa waiver program, not to be confused with an I-601 waiver, allows citizens from certain countries to enter the United States of American without obtaining a visa prior to arrival. In recent years the United States government has implemented ESTA, also known as: the Electronic System for Travel Authorization. ESTA requires that travelers wishing to enter the country on a visa waiver inform the US Immigration authorities prior to arrival so that a pre-screening can be conducted. The United States Department of Homeland Security’s Customs and Border Protection (CBP) Service is tasked with monitoring those seeking travel clearances using the ESTA system. Recently it has been reported by the American Immigration Lawyers Association (AILA) that 221g denials must be reported in the ESTA form, to quote AILA directly:
“CBP recently informed AILA that it, after consultation with the Department of State (DOS), is classifying all §221(g) actions on visa applications as visa “denials.” Thus, Visa Waiver Program (VWP) applicants, who are subject to INA §221(g) refusals, should answer affirmatively in their ESTA applications that they have been denied a visa. This suggestion applies even if the reason for the refusal is due to consular administrative processing. If VWP travelers do not disclose such a “denial” on their ESTA applications or provide an update regarding such “denials,” they may have their ESTA registration rejected or be sent to secondary inspection and potentially refused entry when they apply for admission to the United States.”
This is important to note for those originating from a country participating in the US visa waiver program. For example, if the foreign fiancee of a US Citizen has been issued a 221g with regard to a K1 visa application, then that 221g must be disclosed as a denial on the ESTA form if said fiancee intends to visit the US and the foreign fiancee’s home country participates in this program.
As AILA’s article went on to point out, the Department of State does not even consider 221(g)’s to be outright denials,
Technically, the Foreign Affairs Manual (FAM) classifies a §221(g) action as a visa “refusal,” but DOS explicitly retains authority to “reactivate” the visa application upon receipt of required documents or completion of a government mandated administrative clearance. See 9 FAM 41.121 N2.4.
This situation is a classic example of two different government agencies taking a differing view of the same situation. The Department of State seems to view 221g refusals as administrative refusals to issue a visa without further documentation while the Department of Homeland Security seems to view such refusals as US visa denials that could be viewed as grounds for denying a person’s subsequent entry into the USA.
This issue will likely not be particularly problematic in the Kingdom of Thailand as Thailand is not a country participating in the visa waiver program, but for others around the world this issue could lead to problems entering the USA.
For those in this situation, it is always advisable to be honest, but it may be possible to explain the situation by answering “yes” to the question: Have you ever been denied a U.S. visa or entry? After answering in the affirmative there should be space to explain. Therefore, the applicant probably should note that the denial was: a 221(g), at the Embassy or Consulate (example: US Embassy Bangkok, US Consulate Chiang Mia, US Embassy Burma, etc.), and the reason for the “denial” (example: Embassy conducted administrative processing, Consulate requested further documentation, etc).
5th November 2009
K1 Visa Thailand: Marriage to the K1 Visa Petitioner
Posted by : admin
An interesting hypothetical question that is sometimes posed when researching the K1 visa is: who can my Thai fiancee marry once she arrives in the United States of America?
After issuance of a fiance visa, a beneficiary has six months to use the visa for travel to the US. The K1 visa is a single entry visa. Therefore, the beneficiary will only be allowed to enter the United States one time (if multiple entries are necessary, then the beneficiary must obtain an advance parole travel document). After entry, the beneficiary must marry the petitioner and apply for adjustment of status to conditional lawful permanent residence in the USA, but what happens if the beneficiary and petitioner decide not to get married? This occasionally occurs and in this situation the foreign fiancee must leave the USA within 90 days from their date of arrival.
In rare cases, a foreign fiancee will meet another individual and a romantic relationship arises. In this situation, there is not a way for a for fiancee to adjust status to permanent residence based upon marriage to another US Citizen or lawful permanent resident), if that US Citizen (or lawful permanent resident) is not the person specifically named on the K1 visa. In order to adjust status in this situation, the foreign beneficiary would need to leave the USA, obtain a new visa, and reenter.
The K1 visa was designed to provide the foreign fiancee of a US Citizen with a travel document to be utilized for the sole purpose of specifically marrying the US Citizen petitioner. Therefore, an adjustment of status cannot be executed based upon a marriage to anyone else. There is a misconception that a K1 visa beneficiary can marry anyone in the USA and use that marriage as a basis for adjustment. This author believes that this misconception is based upon the fact that sometimes US Citizens will marry and adjust status with a foreign national present in the US on a tourist visa. Although this practice is very frowned upon by the Department of Homeland Security, it is possible to adjust status this way provided the foreign national did not enter the country with that undisclosed intention. That being said, in the case of the K1, the beneficiary may only adjust status based upon a marriage to the K1 petitioner.
On a related note, after adjustment of status, the foreign spouse will be considered a conditional lawful permanent resident (CR1) of the USA. The conditionality is based upon the continuation of the underlying marital relationship. Should the parties divorce while the beneficiary is in CR1 status, then the foreign spouse’s permanent residence will expire at the 2 year anniversary of the adjustment of status. However, a foreign spouse could remarry during this time period and apply for an adjustment of status based upon a marriage to another US Citizen. In this scenario, it would be highly likely that the officers at the United States Citizenship and Immigration Service (USCIS) would carefully scrutinize the bona fides of both relationships in order to be certain that the relationship is genuine.
No one should attempt to utilize a visa based upon false pretenses, the above scenarios are meant to provide insight into how the Immigration rules apply in practice. Applying for a visa based upon false statements of fact could be construed as an attempt to defraud the US Immigration service.
4th November 2009
As stated previously on this blog, in most cases where a foreign spouse has entered the United States of American on the CR1 visa the Petitioner and the Beneficiary must jointly file a petition to lift conditions of the Beneficiary’s permanent residence. Unfortunately, there are situations where the Beneficiary is in an abusive relationship and this creates a problem because the Beneficiary does not want to contact the Petitioner in order to have the Petitioner assist with filing the application for a lift of conditions. Luckily, there was a law passed to deal with this problem: the Violence Against Women Act (VAWA).
The Violence Against Women Act was passed by Congress in 1994. Under its provisions, the abused spouse of a United States Citizen or Lawful Permanent Resident is allowed to self-file for a lift of conditions. This allows for the battered or abused spouse to file for a lift of conditions without the assistance, or even the notification, of the abusive spouse. It should be noted that the abuse does not need to be physical, emotionally or psychologically abusive behavior on the part of the US Citizen or Lawful Permanent resident spouse could be used as a legitimate reason to submit a self-filed petition to lift conditions. Those who have been in an abusive relationship and wish to self-file for their lift of conditions should document the behavior they feel is abusive.
It should be noted that these petitions are likely to be heavily scrutinized. The policy reason behind the enforcement of a Conditional Residence period is to be certain that a marriage is bona fide and not a “sham marriage,” or “marriage of convenience” which was entered into for the sole purpose of gaining a US Immigration benefit. In some cases involving a VAWA self-filed petition for a lifting of conditional resident status, suspicions could be raised in the mind of the adjudicating USCIS officer as to the bona fides of the original marriage and the bona fides of the claim to have been the victim of abuse. For this reason, gathering evidence of abuse is critical to a sucessful VAWA petition. In cases involving physical abuse, a police report documenting an incident where the American Citizen or Lawful Permanent Resident spouse was abusive could be a strong piece of evidence used to support a self-filed VAWA petition. Also, retaining a licensed attorney with experience in United States Immigration matters may be advisable as VAWA petitions can be highly complex.
3rd November 2009
US Visa for Thai Fiance or Husband of an American Fiancee or Wife
Posted by : admin
Although this blog primarily focuses upon United States immigration for couples, we sometimes overlook the fact that the Petitioner may be a woman and the Beneficiary may be a man. Many American women in Thailand meet and fall in love with Thai men. Eventually the US Citizen must return to America and the couple begins to research options for the Thai national’s entrance into the USA.
One of the first visa categories that many couples look at is the category B2 visa also known as the tourist visa. Unfortunately, as in situations with an American man and a Thai lady, the US Embassy in Bangkok is reluctant to issue such visas to those with an American girlfriend, fiancee, or spouse because the relationship itself constitutes a “strong tie” to the US which is evidence bolstering the presumption of immigrant intent under 214(b) of the United States Immigration and Nationality Act (INA). Many tourist visas sought for Thai loved ones of US Citizens are denied under the above section of the INA.
Fortunately, the US fiance visa may be a possibility for the Thai-American couple as the US citizen fiancee could sponsor the Thai fiance for a K1 visa. This visa would allow the Thai man to come to the USA for 90 days. After arrival, the couple must marry and apply for adjustment of status so that the Thai man will be a lawful permanent resident in the United States. Should the couple not marry, then the Thai must leave the US before the 90 day period of lawful Immigration status ends. Generally, it takes between 6 and 7 months to process a K1 visa.
US marriage visas are also an option for the Thai-American couple. The usual method for receiving marriage visa benefits is for the Thai man to marry the American lady at a local Amphur office (Civil registrar office) in Thailand. Once the couple is legally married they will be eligible to apply for a CR-1 visa by filing an I-130 Immigration petition. It usually takes between 11 and 12 months for such a petition to be processed.
For those who wish to expedite the marriage visa process a K3 visa could be employed to shorten the processing time. It currently takes 8 months to process the supplemental I-129f petition for a K3. This type of visa requires the filing of two petitions. At this time, the K3 visa is probably not the best method of obtaining Immigration benefits because the K1 has a faster processing time and the CR1 visa does not require adjustment of status after entry.
All in all, the US Immigration process is basically the same regardless of each parties gender. That being said, US federal law (the Defense of Marriage Act) still requires that the petitioner and beneficiary be of the opposite sex.
1st November 2009
K3 Visa Thailand: Consular Processing or Adjustment of Status
Posted by : admin
Many married couples seeking United States immigration benefits submit an I-129f application for the K3 visa as a supplement to the filing of an I-130 petition for a IR1 or CR1 visa. Essentially a K3 application is a supplemental application because in order to obtain K3 benefits the couple must file a second application. The United States Citizenship and Immigration Service (USCIS) has two service centers where K3 visa applications are adjudicated. The I-130 application is submitted to a different USCIS location. During the USCIS processing phase the two petitions are adjudicated in a similar manner, but once the petitions are approved, the I-129f application for a K3 visa processes in a different manner from the I-130 application for a CR1 or IR1 visa.
The K3 visa process sees the I-129f quickly processed through the National Visa Center in New Hampshire (NVC) and sent to the US Embassy abroad. Once at the US Embassy the couple will need to gather documentation and prepare for the K3 visa interview. However, this phase of the process begs the question: is it better to adjust status in the USA or wait for the CR1 visa application to process through the NVC and obtain a CR1 visa from the US Embassy abroad? The CR1 visa takes longer to process as packet 3 is sent to the NVC rather than directly to the Embassy. NVC processing of an Immigrant visa (CR1/IR1) can take a great deal of time. However, the benefit of entering in CR1 status is that the Beneficiary enters with Lawful Permanent Residence upon arrival in the USA. Where the Beneficiary enters the US in K3 visa status, she is not stamped in with lawful permanent residence. Instead she must submit an application for adjustment of status sometime after her arrival in the USA.
In general, it takes approximately 6 months to process an adjustment of status application in the United States. However, the K3 visa beneficiary is entitled to depart from, and return to, the USA while the adjustment is processing because the K3 visa is a multiple entry visa and, once granted, it has a validity of 2 years. However, the adjustment of status process can be costly which is why some couples opt to forego the K3 visa application and simply wait for the approval of the I-130 application for a CR1 or IR1 visa.
It may be possible to have it both ways. A K3 visa beneficiary could go to the USA and return to Thailand to have the CR1 visa interview at the US Embassy in Bangkok. This method is often utilized where a couple wishes to briefly be reunited in order to celebrate the holiday season or an anniversary. Upon the foreign national’s subsequent entry into the USA in CR1 or IR1 status lawful permanent residence will begin and the K3 visa will be effectively nullified.
31st October 2009
HIV Infection Will No Longer Be A Legal Ground Of Inadmissibility
Posted by : admin
As reported previously on this blog, HIV is to be taken off of the list of communicable diseases which can cause an Immigrant to be deemed inadmissible to the United States of America. At the time of this writing, anyone who has HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is not admissible to the United States. This means that those infected with the virus must obtain an I-601 waiver of inadmissibility before they will be allowed to enter the United States. Under the new rule, this will no longer be the case.
To quote a document, provided courtesy of AILA, promulgated by the Department of Health and Human Services:
As a result of this final rule, aliens will no longer be inadmissible into the United States based solely on the ground they are infected with HIV, and they will not be required to undergo HIV testing as part of the required medical examination for U.S. immigration.
As a result of this rule change, it is highly likely that Embassy mandated medical examinations will be greatly altered as it will no longer be necessary for the Embassy-approved doctors (sometimes referred to as civil surgeons) to test prospective immigrants for HIV.
This rule change reflects the new policy of the United States government regarding HIV. Basically the Center for Disease Control and the authorities at the Department of Homeland Security no longer consider HIV a “communicable” disease as defined in the relevant provisions of Immigration and Nationality Act. To further quote the aforementioned document:
While HIV infection is a serious health condition, it is not a communicable disease that is a significant public health risk for introduction, transmission, and spread to the U.S. population through casual contact.
Please note that this rule has not taken effect and until it does HIV is still considered a communicable disease in cases involving inadmissibility.
Although many laud the promulgation of this rule, there are those, particularly in the LGBT community who feel that the current Administration is not doing enough to provide immigration benefits to same sex couples. Many view this rule change as a “half measure” designed to placate advocates for gay rights as HIV has a major impact upon the gay and lesbian community.
Although this rule change will effect those with HIV who wish to enter the USA, it does not effect same-sex bi-national couples who cannot obtain US Immigration benefits for a foreign partner based upon the current federal laws which do not recognize same-sex marriage. There are many who feel that the rescission of this rule regarding HIV infected immigrants falls short of full immigration equality for all.
28th October 2009
Thailand Marriage Registration to a Myanmar (Burmese) National
Posted by : admin
In Thailand, the method of executing a valid marriage is very different from the United States or other common law jurisdictions. A marriage registration is usually conducted at a local Amphur office (Amphoe office). In cases involving a Thai national marrying another Thai national, the process is very straightforward as the couple need only produce their identity documentation and house registration. However, in cases involving a foreigner and a Thai national, the foreigner must produce a great deal of documentation to prove that he or she is unmarried as well as legally free to marry. Depending upon the person’s home country, some or all of this documentation can be obtained either at the Embassy in Thailand or at offices in the person’s home country.
Two foreigners can also execute a lawful marriage in Thailand, but the registration of the marriage could take more time and require the filing of more documentation as neither of the prospective registrants are Thai citizens. Often, this situation has an easy solution as both parties deal with their home government which provides documentation proving that the prospective registrant is unwed and free to marry. In the case of Myanmar (Burma) this is not necessarily true.
Under the laws of the Union of Myanmar heavy restrictions are placed upon Burmese women who opt to marry non-Burmese people. One aspect of these restrictions that manifests itself often in US Immigration matters is the reluctance or refusal of the Burmese government to issue passports to female Burmese nationals seeking to marry a US Citizen either after issuance of a K1 visa or before issuance of a K3 visa or CR1 visa. The Burmese government’s intransience in these matters often results in difficult Immigration cases as the American government often requires a valid passport before a visa will be issued to a non-US citizen.
In Thai marriage registration cases, a similar problem arises as the Burmese (Myanmar) government, through the Myanmar Embassy in Bangkok, this post often refuses to issue affidavits showing the Burmese national as single and free to marry. Amphurs in Thailand require this document before they will execute a marriage between a Thai or a foreigner and a Burmese national. Therefore, failure to obtain this document results in an inability to marry in the Kingdom. Further, the execution of a marriage in Burma (Myanmar) is likely more difficult due to the statutory restrictions imposed upon Burmese women seeking to marry foreign men.
In situations such as this, it may be necessary to plan ahead and obtain passports and other documentation long before it may ever be necessary. Contacting a Bangkok lawyer or US Immigration lawyer may be beneficial as either of these professionals could advise about solutions to such problems.
One should note that Thai prenuptial agreements can be drafted for a marriage in Thailand, but the agreement must be registered simultaneously with the marriage in order for the agreement to be valid in the Kingdom.
25th October 2009
Director of USCIS says Family Unification is the Goal of Immigration
Posted by : admin
Recently, Alejandro Mayorkas was appointed as the Director of the United States Citizenship and Immigration Service within the United States Department of Homeland Security. Mr Mayorkas was recently interviewed by members of the United States and foreign press corps in an effort to hear his views on United States Immigration policy and the future of US Immigration law.
Below are some of the important quotes that this author found both interesting and insightful, the full interview transcript can be read here.
This blog is mostly dedicated to United States family immigration and visas. Therefore, it was a pleasure to hear that Mr. Mayorkas considers US Family Immigration to be a major priority of his agency:
“…One of the goals of an immigration system[:] family unification. Do the laws that we have now achieve that most ably? That’s a question that is — that I think is a valid one to ask. And so we have to take a look at the goals, as a nation, of our immigration system and ask does the structure that we have in place – or do the mechanisms that we have in place accomplish those goals most ably, most completely and most efficiently? And where there are shortcomings, that is, indeed, what immigration reform is in part about.”
As we have posited previously on in this forum, the current system of adjudicating non-immigrant family visas could be considered redundant and a poor distribution of resources. In the case of the K1 visa and the K3 visa one could make a valid argument that such visas, as they involve the doctrine of dual intent, could be completely adjudicated at the Embassies and Consulates abroad while letting USCIS deal with more pressing issues at home. If K visa non-immigrant family members do decide to adjust status, then the USCIS will need to deal with the case as the adjudication will occur under their domestic authority.
Mr. Mayorkas was also quoted as saying, “The fact that I myself was once a refugee to this country informs my views of our agency’s mission and the priorities that we will carry forward, during the time that I am privileged to serve.” This author is definitely happy to see a Director who has personal knowledge of the Immigration system. Hopefully, these personal insights will result in a net benefit for everyone who has dealings with USCIS.
The Director was further quoted as saying,
“The goal of family reunification is indeed one that we hold dear to our efforts as we try to administer the immigration laws fairly and with justice always in mind. Ultimately, our adjudications are indeed on an individualized basis, and there are mechanisms that the law acknowledges to achieve family reunification in particular cases. And that is very much a part of the work that we do.”
This author is happy to hear such sentiments from the Director of USCIS and hopefully this is a sign of things to come as the Immigration system becomes a more compassionate and efficient agency of the US government.
23rd October 2009
Changes to the I-601 Waiver Application Form
Posted by : admin
Recently the United States Citizenship and Immigration Service (USCIS) announced that a revised form has been issued for those who wish to file for an I-601 Waiver. An I-601 waiver is a waiver of legal grounds of inadmissibility under the United States Immigration and Nationality Act. An alien is found inadmissible if they meet the elements of inadmissibility under the act. Common grounds of inadmissibility among applicants in Thailand are overstay, prostitution, Crimes involving moral turpitude, and health related grounds. If a finding that one of these grounds exists is made by the Consular or Immigration officers, then the applicant must seek an I-601 waiver before they will be entitled to enter the United State lawfully.
In recent days, USCIS has been revising some of the forms that they will accept in connection with certain immigration matters. For example, USCIS recently announced that they will only be accepting an updated version of the G28 Notice of Attorney Appearance. Those who have already filed applications for Immigration benefits before this update comes into effect will not need to submit any new forms as the service will continue to recognize the old forms in an effort to seamlessly transition from the old forms to the new. These efforts seem to be an attempt to streamline the, somewhat complicated, administrative aspects of the US Immigration application process. To quote directly from the USCIS press release:
USCIS has revised Form I-601, Application for Waiver of Grounds of Inadmissibility (Revision Date 04/06/09 N, OMB Expiration Date 04/30/11) to make it easier for applicants to complete. Applicants may now select from a list of grounds of inadmissibility on the form itself and mark all which apply to them in order to request a waiver. In addition to the list, the form includes a section where applicants can describe, in their own words, why they believe they are inadmissible. In the previous edition of Form I-601, information about grounds of inadmissibility could only be found of the form’s instructions.
We applaud the efforts on the part of the Service to make this process less complicated and more straightforward. For those interested in submitting a successful I-601 waiver application, it should be remembered that in most cases involving an I-601 waiver, the applicant(s) must show that to deny the waiver would result in an “extreme hardship” to a United States Citizen or Lawful Permanent Resident. This can be a difficult legal obstacle to overcome which is why it may be wise to retain an immigration lawyer to assist with the preparation and submission of such a petition.
Unlike the United States Embassy in Bangkok, which only has jurisdiction ovr the Kingdom of Thailand. The local USCIS office in Bangkok has administrative jurisdiction over most of Asia. Therefore, I-601 waiver applications filed in connection with a K1 visa, K3 visa, or CR1 visa sought from Asia could be submitted at USCIS Bangkok.
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