Integrity Legal

In a previous post the issue of the G-28 Notice of Attorney Appearance was discussed. The United States Citizenship and Immigration Service had changed the form in order to update its contents to more accurately convey information regarding the exact nature of an attorney’s representation of a client before the various agencies under the jurisdiction of the Department of Homeland Security. Recently, this author has learned through the American Immigration Lawyers Association that USCIS will continue to accept the old form and will not reject an application simply for utilizing the previous form. To quote USCIS through AILA:

“U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) announced today that the previous version of the Notice of Entry of Appearance as Attorney or Representative (Form G-28) will be accepted until further notice… On Oct. 1, 2009, USCIS announced the publication of a new Form G-28 and provided a 30-day grace period, until Oct. 30, for accepting previous versions at the USCIS Lockbox facilities or USCIS Service Centers. USCIS encourages attorneys and accredited representatives to use the new Form G-28, however, USCIS will not reject filings of the previous Form G-28 version until further notice. This will allow law students who represent immigrants to use the previous form until changes can be made to the form to accommodate their unique situation.”

As stated previously, the submission of a G-28 puts the United States government (in the form of the Department of Homeland Security, Immigration and Customs Enforcement, Cutoms and Border Protection, and the United States Citizenship and Immigration Service) on notice that an attorney has officially entered their appearance in the case.

Also a G-28 is an effective way of determining if one is dealing with an actual attorney or simply working with a “visa company,” “visa agency,” or phony unlicensed “lawyer.” Unless the government is willing to correspond directly with one’s attorney it may be wise to seek representation elsewhere because this is an integral component of the Immigration attorney-client relationship.

Each and every US Embassy or US Consulate is under the jurisdiction of the US Department of State and not the Department of Homland Security. Therefore, a G-28 has no bearing on these organs of government, but the US Embassy will correspond with an attorney in matters pertaining to a visa application if the attorney is licensed to practice in the USA. That being said, generally the Embassies and Consulates will not deal with unlicensed so-called “lawyers,” and as a result, such an individual can be of little assistance in processing US visa applications.

Tags: AILA, G-28, G28, Immigration attorney, Immigration Lawyer, New G-28, New G28, Old G-28, Old G28, US Visa, US Visa Thailand, USCIS
Posted in Fiance Visa Thailand, General Legal Information, K-3 Visa Thailand, K1 Visa, K1 Visa Thailand, K3 Visa, Legal Opinion, Miscellaneous, Thailand Business, US Consulate Chiang Mai, us embassy bangkok, US Embassy Thailand, US Tourist Visa, US Visa and Immigration, US Visa Thailand, USCIS | No Comments »

There are many people throughout the United States who seem more and more unhappy with the current state of gay rights issues. This unhappiness seems particularly acute when discussing the issue of DOMA (the Defense of Marriage Act). Under current United States Federal law same sex marriages are not recognized by the Federal Government. Therefore, United States Immigration benefits based upon marriage cannot be extended to the same-sex partners of US citizens as same sex marriage is not recognized as a “marriage” for purposes of US Immigration.

Many have advocated either the repeal of the Defense of Marriage Act or the enactment of some federal legislation which would allow for same sex immigration benefits notwithstanding DOMA. A recent example of the latter is the Uniting American Families Act (UAFA) which would provide US Immigration benefits to “permanent partners” of US Citizens and Lawful Permanent Residents. Most efforts to provide same sex immigration benefits have been in vain which has created frustration in the LGBT community as well as amongst advocates for civil rights.

In recent months there has been talk of repealing the “Don’t Ask Don’t Tell” policy in the US military. Also, the US State Department has issued internal rules granting Immigration benefits, in the form of diplomatic and official passports, to the same sex partners of State Department employees working abroad. Many feel that these are “half measures,” simply designed to placate advocates for LGBT rights.  The following, quoted from this source, sums up the feeling of consternation:

Noticeably absent from this civil rights agenda is the repeal of the Defense of Marriage Act. Apparently a Democratic majority in the House, a Democratic super-majority in the Senate, and a Democratic president in the White House isn’t quite enough to get a repeal passed. Of course, other major issues are confronting the nation, and issues dealing with same-sex marriage often bring with them volatile politics. But, with the prospect of trimmed Democratic majorities in Congress after the 2010 midterm elections, is it really unreasonable for the LGBT community to expect action on DOMA now, as opposed to potentially a decade from now, maybe later? [Emphasis in original]

As can be seen from the above quote, the real issue for many is the repeal of DOMA. This legislation lies at the heart of most legal restrictions placed upon same-sex couples in the United States. Currently, the legality of DOMA is also being weighed in the US Federal Courts, but the outcome is far from certain. The repeal of DOMA is likely to remain a controversial issue in the future. A repeal of these restrictions will likely mark a watershed moment for American Civil Liberties.

Tags: Defense of Marriage Act, DOMA, gay immigration, gay us immigration, gay us visa, gay visa, lgbt immigration, LGBT US Visa, same sex us visa, same sex visa, uafa, Uniting American Families Act
Posted in General Legal Information, Legal Opinion, Miscellaneous, US Visa and Immigration, US Visa Thailand | 1 Comment »

Many long term expatriates in Thailand eventually begin to think about the possibility of applying for Thai Permanent Residence. As with many things in Thailand, acquiring Thailand Permanent Residence can be a very time consuming proposition and failure to maintain one’s Immigration status prior to the submission of a Permanent Residence application could result in major delays and frustration.

Although it can be somewhat simple to obtain a short term Thailand visa (Thai tourist visa, ED visa, etc), obtaining a long stay Thai visa can be extremely difficult in some situations. For many, obtaining a Thai business visa can be a daunting endeavor. Even more difficult is the visa extension process which requires a great deal of documentation for those who are seeking to extend a validly issued Thai business visa.  For those who are staying in Thailand on a visa that is based upon a relationship to a Thai national, the extension process generally requires less documentation, but does require a showing of financial sufficiency.

The reason the extension process is mentioned above is due to the fact that it has a critical impact upon the Permanent Residence application. Under current Thai Immigration regulations a foreign national in Thailand must have maintained at least 3 years of unbroken visa status in Thailand in order to be eligible for Permanent Residence. This means that the foreigner needs to have had 3 visa extensions with no “gaps” of unlawful presence.

Maintaining said status for three years can be a difficult task particularly for those who are employed by multiple companies. One in this position must make certain that their visa status remains unbroken despite changes of employment and/or visa sponsorship. For the self-employed who own their own Thai Company and use it to maintain a Thai visa and work permit, this is less of an issue. Even then, one should keep a close eye upon one’s visa status.

A common question with regard to Thai Permanent Residence and prior visa status involves the Thai Reentry Permit. A Thai reentry permit allows a foreigner to leave the country and return while still maintaining the same visa status. If a reentry permit is obtained then lawful status can be maintained and so long as it is maintained for 3 or more years the visa holder may apply for permanent residence in Thailand provided the other requirements are met. If a visa holder does not return to the Kingdom to maintain their status they will fall out of status and subsequently become ineligible for Permanent residence.

Tags: Thai Business Visa, Thai permanent residence, Thai Visa, Thai Visa Extension, Thailand Business Visa, Thailand Permanent Residence, Thailand Visa, Thailand visa extension
Posted in General Legal Information, Legal Opinion, Miscellaneous, Thailand Business, Thailand Visa | No Comments »

In many cases, those thinking of drafting a Thai prenuptial agreement also ponder the related issue of a Last Will and Testament in Thailand. Although both of these instruments can have an impact upon the distribution of Thai property they should not be viewed as completely complimentary devices as they serve different purposes and the drafting of these documents requires adherence to different sets of rules regarding legal formalities.

A Thai prenuptial agreement is an instrument used for the purpose of pre-designating a property distribution should a marital relationship dissolve. If the underlying marriage is registered at an Amphur office (Civil Registrar’s office) in Thailand, then the Thai prenuptial agreement must be simultaneously registered with the marriage. Failure to simultaneously register the Thai prenup could, and may very likely, result in a Thai court subsequently refusing to take notice of the prenuptial agreement when deciding how the marital estate should be divided.

A Thai will is a testamentary instrument that is used to divide the estate of a Thai or one who has died in Thailand. When drafting a will in Thailand, or in any jurisdiction, one must adhere to certain legal formalities in order to ensure that a court will enforce the provisions of the will itself. When a court divides the estate of the deceased, this process is known as probate and a probate court could throw out an improperly drafted will. This is why retaining the advice of a Thai lawyer may be advisable when drafting a new Thai will.

So-called “spouse election,” statutes should be mentioned when discussing Thai prenuptial agreements and wills for United States Citizens looking to marry Thai nationals. A “spouse election,” statute is a type of legislation that exists in many jurisdictions throughout the United States. Such legislation is designed to curb disinheritance of surviving spouses in wills or other testamentary devices. The result of “spouse election,” statutes in the USA is that the spouse of a deceased person can usually be confident that they will inherit at least 1/3 or 1/2 of the net probate estate (the actual percentage depends upon the state). Such rules are important to note for those drafting a prenuptial agreement because a prenuptial agreement should not be drafted in such a way that its provisions contravene the “spouse election” statute in the state of the US Citizen’s residence. Therefore, it may be wise to consider Wills and Prenuptial agreements as wholly separate instruments and thereby keep each of these instruments free of provisions that stray into the bailiwick of the other.

Tags: prenup, prenuptial agreement, prenuptial agreement Thailand, Thai prenup, Thai prenuptial agreement, Thai Will, Thailand prenup, thailand prenuptial agreement, Thailand Will
Posted in General Legal Information, Legal Opinion, Miscellaneous, Thai Family Law, Thailand Marriage Registration, Thailand Property | No Comments »

As stated previously on this blog, in most cases where a foreign spouse has entered the United States of American on the CR1 visa the Petitioner and the Beneficiary must jointly file a petition to lift conditions of the Beneficiary’s permanent residence. Unfortunately, there are situations where the Beneficiary is in an abusive relationship and this creates a problem because the Beneficiary does not want to contact the Petitioner in order to have the Petitioner assist with filing the application for a lift of conditions. Luckily, there was a law passed to deal with this problem: the Violence Against Women Act (VAWA).

The Violence Against Women Act was passed by Congress in 1994. Under its provisions, the abused spouse of a United States Citizen or Lawful Permanent Resident is allowed to self-file for a lift of conditions. This allows for the battered or abused spouse to file for a lift of conditions without the assistance, or even the notification, of the abusive spouse. It should be noted that the abuse does not need to be physical, emotionally or psychologically abusive behavior on the part of the US Citizen or Lawful Permanent resident spouse could be used as a legitimate reason to submit a self-filed petition to lift conditions. Those who have been in an abusive relationship and wish to self-file for their lift of conditions should document the behavior they feel is abusive.

It should be noted that these petitions are likely to be heavily scrutinized. The policy reason behind the enforcement of a Conditional Residence period is to be certain that a marriage is bona fide and not a “sham marriage,” or “marriage of convenience” which was entered into for the sole purpose of gaining a US Immigration benefit. In some cases involving a VAWA self-filed petition for a lifting of conditional resident status, suspicions could be raised in the mind of the adjudicating USCIS officer as to the bona fides of the original marriage and the bona fides of the claim to have been the victim of abuse. For this reason, gathering evidence of abuse is critical to a sucessful VAWA petition. In cases involving physical abuse, a police report documenting an incident where the American Citizen or Lawful Permanent Resident spouse was abusive could be a strong piece of evidence used to support a self-filed VAWA petition. Also, retaining a licensed attorney with experience in United States Immigration matters may be advisable as VAWA petitions can be highly complex.

Tags: CR1, CR1 Visa, CR1 Visa Lift of Conditions, CR1 Visa Thailand, US Vis Thailand, VAWA, VAWA Lift of Conditions
Posted in CR1 Visa, General Legal Information, Miscellaneous, US Visa and Immigration, US Visa Thailand, USCIS | No Comments »

In Thailand, any foreign national who wishes to be employed in the Kingdom must first obtain a work permit. Any Thai company that wishes to employ a foreigner must first meet certain requirements before the Thai Ministry of Labour will issue a work permit to a foreign national. Most notable among the requirements: any company employing a foreigner must have at least 2 million baht in registered capital (There may be exceptions for those with Thai Permanent Residence or an O visa based upon marriage to a Thai national). For the most part, employees in Thailand will only have one employer. However, sometimes situations arise where a foreign worker wishes to take up a second job. In this case a second employer will need to be noted in the work permit booklet.

There is a common misconception that a Thai work permit allows a foreigner to work anywhere in any capacity within the Kingdom of Thailand. Unfortunately, this is not the case, the work permit simply allows the foreigner to be engaged in the specifically noted activity stipulated in the work permit. Further, the work permit only allows the foreigner to be employed at the place of employment noted in the work permit booklet. Therefore, the address of the employer could be inferred as the only location where the foreigner is eligible to work.

Should secondary employment be sought by the foreigner, then it may be possible have another employer noted in the foreigner’s work permit. However, the first employer must agree to have a second employer noted therein. Further, the activity specified in the permit must be in conformity with the employment restrictions in the Thai Foreign Business Act. This legislation restricts foreigners from engaging in certain business activities in the Kingdom of Thailand.

The addition of a second employer should not have an impact upon the foreign national’s visa status in the Kingdom provided the original employer continues to meet the Thai Immigration rules regarding requirements for sponsorship of a Thai visa extension. Basically, the foreign national will continue to maintain one visa (sponsored by the original employer), but will have two work authorizations (one for the original employer and another for the secondary employer).

In a case where the original employment is ending, but the foreign national wishes to continue to reside in the Kingdom and work for what had been his second employer, a new Thailand visa extension could be issued if the foreigner quickly petitions for such an extension (it usually must be within 7 days) and the secondary employer meets the requirements for sponsoring a Thai visa extension.

Tags: Thai Visa, Thai Visa Extension, Thai Work Permit, Thailand Business, Thailand company, Thailand Visa, Thailand visa extension, Work Permit, work permit Thailand
Posted in Legal Opinion, Miscellaneous, Thailand Business, Thailand Visa | 1 Comment »

The National Visa Center (NVC) acts as s sort of clearinghouse and intermediary for United States visa applications. Their duties as an intermediary can be shown in the way the NVC receives cases from the Department of Homeland Security’s United States Citizenship and Immigration Service and forwards them on to United States Embassies and Consulates abroad. This function has been documented in detail in previous posts on this blog. However, NVC functions very differently in cases involving Immigrant visas (CR1, IR1) then it does in cases involving the non-immigrant dual intent family visa categories, most notably the K1 visa and the K3 visa.

A K1 visa application or K3 visa application spends a relatively short period of time in the possession of the NVC. In Immigrant visa cases, this is not true. Applications for a CR1 visa or an application submitted for an IR1 visa are held at NVC for a substantially longer period of time. Unlike the K1 and K3 visa categories, packet 3 is sent out by the NVC and not the US Embassy abroad.

The United States Immigration authorities at the American States Department have made the administrative decision to handle all packet three matters at NVC rather than making the Consulates and Embassies handle this aspect of the process. In a way, the decision makes sense as the NVC is in a better position to specialize in this phase of the process. Also, NVC conducts a rather detailed security clearance to make certain that the prospective immigrant is not a threat to National security. Also, NVC will take the affidavit of support fee and process the United States Citizen or Lawful Permanent Resident’s I-864 Affidavit of Support.

It should be noted that in cases where the petitioner is resident abroad, it may be possible to submit a Direct Consular Filing (DCF) or a USCIS local filing. In cases such as this, the case file will not be sent to the NVC, but will either be processed entirely at the Embassy or Consulate; or it will be sent from the local USCIS office directly to the US Embassy. In the case of Thailand, the Bangkok office of USCIS will send all approved locally filed Immigrant visa applications directly to the US Embassy in Bangkok. As the USCIS office is directly across the street from the US Embassy, sending this file directly to the Embassy is usually a very straightforward process.

Tags: Affidavit of Support, CR1 Visa, CR1 Visa Thailand, IR1 Visa Thailand, K1 Visa, K1 Visa Thailand, K3 Visa, K3 Visa Thailand, US Visa, US Visa Thailand
Posted in CR1 Visa, Fiance Visa Thailand, General Legal Information, K-3 Visa Thailand, K1 Visa, K1 Visa Thailand, K3 Visa, Miscellaneous, us embassy bangkok, US Embassy Thailand, US Visa and Immigration, USCIS | No Comments »

In Thailand, the method of executing a valid marriage is very different from the United States or other common law jurisdictions. A marriage registration is usually conducted at a local Amphur office (Amphoe office). In cases involving a Thai national marrying another Thai national, the process is very straightforward as the couple need only produce their identity documentation and house registration. However, in cases involving a foreigner and a Thai national, the foreigner must produce a great deal of documentation to prove that he or she is unmarried as well as legally free to marry. Depending upon the person’s home country, some or all of this documentation can be obtained either at the Embassy in Thailand or at offices in the person’s home country.

Two foreigners can also execute a lawful marriage in Thailand, but the registration of the marriage could take more time and require the filing of more documentation as neither of the prospective registrants are Thai citizens. Often, this situation has an easy solution as both parties deal with their home government which provides documentation proving that the prospective registrant is unwed and free to marry. In the case of Myanmar (Burma) this is not necessarily true.

Under the laws of the Union of Myanmar heavy restrictions are placed upon Burmese women who opt to marry non-Burmese people. One aspect of these restrictions that manifests itself often in US Immigration matters is the reluctance or refusal of the Burmese government to issue passports to female Burmese nationals seeking to marry a US Citizen either after issuance of a K1 visa or before issuance of a K3 visa or CR1 visa. The Burmese government’s intransience in these matters often results in difficult Immigration cases as the American government often requires a valid passport before a visa will be issued to a non-US citizen.

In Thai marriage registration cases, a similar problem arises as the Burmese (Myanmar) government, through the Myanmar Embassy in Bangkok, this post often refuses to issue affidavits showing the Burmese national as single and free to marry. Amphurs in Thailand require this document before they will execute a marriage between a Thai or a foreigner and a Burmese national. Therefore, failure to obtain this document results in an inability to marry in the Kingdom. Further, the execution of a marriage in Burma (Myanmar) is likely more difficult due to the statutory restrictions imposed upon Burmese women seeking to marry foreign men.

In situations such as this, it may be necessary to plan ahead and obtain passports and other documentation long before it may ever be necessary. Contacting a Bangkok lawyer or US Immigration lawyer may be beneficial as either of these professionals could advise about solutions to such problems.

One should note that Thai prenuptial agreements can be drafted for a marriage in Thailand, but the agreement must be registered simultaneously with the marriage in order for the agreement to be valid in the Kingdom.

Tags: Burmese Marriage, Married in Thailand, Register a Thai marriage, Thai Marriage, Thai MArriage Registration, Thai prenuptial agreement, Thailand Marriage, Thailand Marriage Registration, Thailand MArriage Registration for Burmese, thailand prenuptial agreement
Posted in CR1 Visa, Fiance Visa Thailand, General Legal Information, K-3 Visa Thailand, K1 Visa, K1 Visa Thailand, K3 Visa, Miscellaneous, Thai Family Law, Thailand Business, Thailand Marriage Registration, us embassy bangkok, US Embassy Burma, US Embassy Thailand, US Visa and Immigration, US Visa Thailand | No Comments »

Recently the United States Citizenship and Immigration Service (USCIS) issued an update reminding foreign nationals in the United States about advance filing for advance parole travel documents. The American Immigration Lawyers Association website summed up this update:

“USCIS reminds individuals that they must obtain Advance Parole (permission to reenter the U.S. after traveling abroad) from USCIS before traveling abroad if they have: been granted TPS; pending application for adjustment of status to lawful permanent resident; a pending application for relief under NACARA 203; a pending asylum application; or a pending application for legalization.”

Advance parole is a particularly relevant issue with regard to those who enter the United States on a K1 fiance visa. K1 entrants have 90 days to marry and file for an adjustment of status. In many cases, applicants file for an advance parole travel document at the same time that they file for the adjustment. That being said, other applicants opt not to take this course of action. In the event of an emergency it may be possible to obtain an expedited advance parole, but these are only granted at the discretion of the adjudicating officer at the local office of USCIS that has jurisdiction over the Petitioner’s (and Beneficiary’s) place of residence.

Even where it may not be immediately necessary, there may be some benefit in applying for an advance parole travel document at the time of adjustment because one never knows what might happen and a sudden family emergency in the Beneficiary’s home country could have the doubly negative effect of causing the Beneficiary to fall out of lawful status, if she leaves the US, with the result that the entire visa process must begin anew.

Even though the K3 visa is a non-immigrant dual intent visa similar to the K1 visa, it does not require advance parole for the beneficiary because it is a multiple entry 2 year visa. Therefore, the K3 visa holder does not fall out of status if they depart the US while their adjustment of status petition is pending. The CR1 and IR1 visas are immigrant visas, therefore, the adjustment process has essentially been completed when the Beneficiary enters the USA. With that in mind, if the CR1 or IR1 visa holder intends to be outside of the United States for longer than 6 months it may be advisable to obtain a US reentry permit as this would forestall a presumption that the permanent resident has abandoned his or her US residence.

Tags: advance parole, CR1 Visa, K1 Visa, K1 Visa Thailand, K3 Visa, K3 Visa Thailand, US Visa Thailand, USCIS
Posted in Adjustment of Status, CR1 Visa, Fiance Visa Thailand, K-3 Visa Thailand, K1 Visa, K1 Visa Thailand, K3 Visa, Miscellaneous, US Visa and Immigration, USCIS | 3 Comments »

For those interested in purchasing property in the Kingdom of Thailand, Condominiums can be an attractive proposition. One of the major benefits of Thai Condo ownership is the fact that a foreign national is allowed to take possession of foreign freehold title to that particular piece of Thai Real Estate. In Thailand, foreigners are greatly restricted with regard to Thai property as they cannot own land outright. There are certain situations in which a Thai company can be utilized in such a way that a foreigner enjoys the benefits of land ownership, but these type of structures can be cumbersome and recently the Thai authorities have been cracking down on such entities.

Thai Condos provide the benefit of allowing the foreign national to be registered on the Thai Chanote (Title Deed). Further, by being the owner of a Condo in Thailand, the foreigner can apply to obtain a foreign Tabien Baan (house registration booklet) which can be a major benefit as this document is very useful in conducting legal and business transactions in the Kingdom of Thailand. Further, a Thai Condo owner may be able to enjoy some immigration benefits in the form of a Thailand visa as the owner can show that they are living in the Kingdom and contributing to the economy.

One notable issue that often arises in cases involving Thai Condominiums is the requirement that all funds used to purchase the Condo must originate from overseas. This requirement can be met by those earning an income in Thailand, but a great deal of paperwork must be submitted in order to use income earned in Thailand. An even more pressing issue, however, is that of capital flight after the future sale of a Thai Condo unit. The government of Thailand along with the Thai banks have promulgated policies in order to keep foreign capital in the Kingdom when that capital has been previously used to purchase Thai real estate. For example, if a foreigner in Thailand has a Condo unit and opts to sell it. The proceeds from the sale could be practically impounded in the sense that the Thai authorities will place many restrictions on sending said funds abroad. This situation can be averted throught prior planning. If one seeks the advice of a Thailand Real Estate lawyer, they could provide advice and strategies about how one can structure a Thai Condo purchase in such a way that the proceeds from a future sale can be moved abroad at a future point in time, should a sale even occur.

Tags: Thai Condo, Thai Condominium, Thailand Condo, Thailand Condominium, Thailand Property, Thailand Property Law, Thailand Real Estate, Thailand Real Estate Law, Thailand Visa
Posted in Legal Opinion, Miscellaneous, Thailand Condo, Thailand Property, Thailand Real Estate, Thailand Visa | 1 Comment »