Integrity Legal

Although it is not an issue which most people wish to think about, the fact remains that each year many people are denied United States Immigration benefits. From Thailand, it is not entirely uncommon to see Thai nationals with improper documentation being turned away at the US port of entry. In many cases, those trying to enter the USA are given the opportunity to exercise the option to voluntarily depart the United States.

The legal act of Voluntary departure allows an alien, who could otherwise be deported or removed, to leave the United States of America at their own cost within a specified period of time and thereby avert an order of deportation or removal.  That being said, in certain cases voluntary departure is not a viable legal option.

Voluntarily departing the United States of America is more desirable from an Immigration standpoint when compared to being forced to leave the USA pursuant to an order of deportation.  Should an immigrant (or non-immigrant) be subjected to an order of removal (deportation) he or she might be precluded from coming back the United States of America for as long as a decade and could be subject to criminal and civil sanctions if he or she reenters without first obtaining appropriate legal authorization.  Should the immigrant depart the United States voluntarily within the time frame ordered by the judge or offered by the Immigration officer, then he or she will not be estopped from legally reentry to the United states at some point in the future. It should be noted that a person who has a removal order on his or her record is not allowed to apply for removal cancellation, adjustment of status and/or any other United States immigration benefits for certain statutorily prescribed periods.

Cases involving voluntary departure often arise when a Thai is using an improper visa to try to enter the US. This is especially common for those who try to use a US tourist visa, but have obvious immigrant intent. For instance, Thai women who are going to the the United States on a US tourist visa to visit their fiancee could be turned away because the Immigration officer feels they should obtain a K1 visa for such a purpose.  Technically, Customs and Border Patrol (CBP) have the authority to put the prospective entrant through expedited deportation, but in some cases they will simply allow the visa holder to depart of their own volition.

In order to forestall the need for voluntary departure, to avoid the possibility of expedited deportation, and simply to be ethical, it is never wise to dishonestly apply for a US tourist visa, student visa, US business visa, or Exchange visitor visa when the applicant intends to travel to the USA for the purposes of marriage and adjustment of status.

(This is not to be used as competent advice on the law. No attorney-client relationship should be inferred from reading this piece.)

Tags: American Visa Thailand, Fiancee Visa, Immigration rules, K1 Visa, K1 Visa Thailand, US Tourist Visa, US Visa, US Visa Thailand
Posted in F1 Visa Thailand, J1 Visa Thailand, K1 Visa Thailand, US Visa and Immigration, US Visa Thailand | No Comments »

On July 2, 2009 the Center for Disease control formally proposed that HIV be dropped from the list of “communicable diseases” that result in a legal finding of inadmissibility. The following is quoted from the preamble of the proposal to change the rule:

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), within the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), is proposing to revise the Part 34 regulation to remove “Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection” from the definition of “communicable disease of public health significance.” HHS/CDC is also proposing to remove references to “HIV” from the scope of examinations in its regulations. Aliens infected with a “communicable disease of public health significance” are inadmissible into the United States under the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA).

This proposed rule change is subject to a comment period and is not yet finalized, but if it becomes final it will do away with the need to obtain an HIV waiver for a prospective immigrant infected with HIV.

For more information please click here

(This content is for educational use only. It does not constitute legal advice. No attorney/client relationship is created between the author and reader of this post.)

Tags: CDC, Center for Disease control, HIV aiver, I-601 Waiver, Inadmissibility, US Immigration, US Visa
Posted in US Visa and Immigration, Visa Waiver | 1 Comment »

President Obama has recently been criticized by many members of the LGBT community for what appears to be a reversal of his campaign stance on same-sex rights.  Presently President Obama’s Justice Department is defending the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) in the US courts. However, President Obama has made statements claiming that while his administration is in the process of enforcing the provisions of DOMA, he is also working to have the law repealed. Apparently, President Obama is trying to apply pressure to Congress in order to make them repeal the Defense of Marriage Act. Mr. Obama was quoted in a speech as saying:

“I’ve called on Congress to repeal the so-called Defense of Marriage Act to help end discrimination against same-sex couples in this country. Now, I want to add we have a duty to uphold existing law, but I believe we must do so in a way that does not exacerbate old divides. And fulfilling this duty in upholding the law in no way lessens my commitment to reversing this law.”

What are the Consequences on US Immigration if the Defense of Marriage Act is Repealed?

Should the Defense of Marriage Act be repealed, the upshot would be that the Federal government would recognize same-sex marriage. Therefore, US Immigration benefits would likely be conferred based upon a marital relationship. Thus, if a same sex couple enters into a valid marriage in a country like Belgium, then they could file an I-130 petition for a CR-1 visa based upon their relationship (under this hypothetical scenario, they could also file a supplemental visa application for a K3 visa).

In another hypothetical situation, the same couple are now unmarried, but they have a bona fide relationship and intend to marry in the United States in a jurisdiction that allows and recognizes same sex marriage (Massachusetts for example). This factual situation would likely allow that couple to file a visa application for a K-1 visa because the parties would meet the legal requirements imposed upon those wishing to obtain a US visa for a fiance.

It is currently uncertain whether Obama will successfully lead the charge to repeal the Defense of Marriage Act. What is certain is the fact that should the Defense of Marriage Act be repealed it will have a major impact on United States law and a crucial impact upon same sex immigration rights. If Obama is successful in repealing DOMA the upshot will likely be that the Uniting American Families Act (UAFA) will be rendered superfluous because same sex marriage would be included in the umbrella term “marriage” under current US Immigration law.

(Please not that the above information is for eductaional purposes only. No attorney-client relationship shall be inferred to be formed between the author and any readers of this post.)

Tags: CR1 Visa, DOMA, K1 Visa, K3 Visa, Obama, Same Sex Immigration, same sex visa, uafa, US Immigration, US Visa
Posted in Fiance Visa Thailand, K-3 Visa Thailand, K1 Visa Thailand, Upcoming Legislation, US Visa and Immigration | No Comments »

Visa Waivers are often accorded to nationals from countries that have a long standing relationship with the USA. Currently, the Kingdom of Thailand is not a participant in the US Visa Waiver Program, therefore, anyone wishing to travel to the USA on a Thai passport must obtain some sort of American Visa.

The US Visa waiver program should not be confused with a waiver of excludability which is usually necessity after a US visa denial based upon a legal ground of inadmissibility. The US Visa Waiver Program (VWP) was created to allow certain foreign nationals entry into the United States visa-free.

In the mid-1980′s, the US Immigration Reform and Control Act integrated the Visa Waiver Pilot Program into the United States Immigration and Nationality Act (INA). The Visa waiver initiative remained a pilot program until October 30, 2000. At that time, the Visa Waiver Permanent Program Act made the program a permanent fixture of immigration law. The Visa Waiver Program’s legal foundation is stipulated in section 217 of the United States Immigration and Nationality Act. In 2007, the addition of section 711 of the INA created measures to strengthen the security of the Visa Waiver Program.

The Secretary of Homeland Security and the Secretary of State, may assign a nation as a participant in the Visa Waiver program if:

1. The nation grants similar travel rights to Americans;
2. The nation has attested that it dispenses electronic passports that contain data storage chips;
3. The nation started issuing such Passports to its citizens on or before October 26, 2006.
4. The Secretary of Homeland Security and the Secretary of State prepare a report calculating the effect the country’s VWP authorization upon US security; and
5. The Secretary of Homeland Security and the Secretary of State decide that the nation’s inclusion in the program will not damage American security interest, this includes issues involved in the enforcement of US Immigration law.

Who can enjoy the Visa Waiver Program?

The nationals of the following countries are eligible to enter the USA under the Visa Waiver Program: Andorra, Austria, Australia, Belgium, Brunei, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Monaco, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, Republic of Korea, San Marino, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom (With regard to United Kingdom Passports, Only UK passports denoted as “British Citizens” and/or “with unrestricted right of abode in the United Kingdom” are eligible for entrance to the USA under the Visa Waiver Program. Those holding passports designating that the bearer is a “British Subject,”  “British Dependent Territories Citizen,” “British Overseas Citizen,” or “British National [Overseas],” cannot enter the United States through the Visa waiver program.)

In order to enter the USA visa-free on the Visa Waiver Program an entrant must first use the Electronic System for Travel Authorization.

(Please note: Nothing contained herein should be used as legal advice. No attorney-client relationship is created by reading this piece.)

Tags: American Visa Thailand, Electronic System for Travel Authorization, US Immigration, US Visa, us visa denial, visa denial Thailand, Visa Waiver, Visa Waiver Program, VWP
Posted in US Visa and Immigration, Visa Waiver | No Comments »

US Immigration from Thailand can be a complex and multifaceted process. Compiling Immigration forms and  documentation can be an arduous task for an American Citizen who understands the English language fluently. This difficulty is compounded when one takes into account the fact that a language barrier and 12 hour time difference can slow the visa obtainment process immeasurably. In some cases, the Thai fiancee must deal with Thai government offices, which can be frustrating and confusing depending upon the office in question.

In a previous post we discussed how retaining a US Immigration Lawyer can be highly advantageous for those seeking to obtain a US visa from Thailand. An American attorney on the ground in Bangkok can expedite the visa process by assisting a Thai fiancee with the US Immigration forms and 221 g follow up documentation at the US Embassy Thailand. Many American Citizens enjoy the peace of mind that comes from knowing a US visa lawyer is assisting their Thai loved one in real time.

That being said, there are certain aspects of the US visa process where a Thai attorney can be a boon to both the American client and the Thai fiancee. The first instance in which a legally trained Thai who is fluent in English can be useful is document translation. Thai legal documents that are pertinent to Visa obtainment should be translated by one with both a fluency in English and a familiarity with Thai law.  Further, some documents that are quite common in Thailand, have no analogous counterpart in the American common law system. A lack of familiarity with Thai legal documentation can create confusion and delay for visa cases submitted and processed by American citizens who opt not to retain representation. Therefore, a Thai attorney’s expertise with Thai legal documents can be essential to an expeditious visa processing time frame. Requests for Evidence (RFE) from USCIS and 221 g denials are far less common where the petitioner and beneficiary have opted to retain a firm that employs Thai and American attorneys.

A Thai Attorney can be of real assistance when it comes to dealing with government offices because they are familiar with bureaucratic protocol and can speak to the Thai officers in their own language.

A Thai attorney can assist an American attorney with preparing the applicant for the visa interview in Bangkok.  This preparation helps the fiancee or spouse feel more comfortable about the impending interview and also will make the interview proceed more quickly because the Thai is given a “heads up.”

A Thai attorney can be of great assistance in US Immigration matters, but they will not be able to accompany a Thai fiancee to the Visa interview at the US Embassy in Bangkok. No one is allowed to accompany a Thai visa applicant to the visa interview (this includes the US Citizen spouse or fiancee). With the large caseload processing through the American Embassy in Bangkok, the waiting room cannot accommodate all of the relatives of those seeking US Visas.

(Please note: the content contained herein is intended for informational purposes only. No attorney/client relationship is created by reading this post.)

Tags: 221 (g), American Embassy Thailand, American Visa Thailand, K1 Visa Thailand, us embassy bangkok, us embassy thailand, US Immigration Thailand, US Visa, US Visa Thailand
Posted in K-3 Visa Thailand, K1 Visa Thailand, us embassy bangkok, US Embassy Thailand, US Visa and Immigration, US Visa Thailand | No Comments »

A common misconception among Americans is the idea that a United States Citizen is only allowed to obtain one Passport. Strictly speaking, this is not true. An American Citizen may obtain a second United States passport, provided they have a valid reason for doing so.

The relevant regulations currently manifest the long held position of the American State Department that no one ought to posses more than one bona fide United States passport at any time, unless the person is expressly permitted to do so by the State Department. The State Department recognizes that there are extenuating circumstances in which it may be necessary for one US Citizen to have two passports.

Allocation of a second passport is deemed to be a special dispensation and therefore a rare exception to normal State Department protocol. For this reason, issuance of second passports will only be approved after the applicant shows a justifiable reason why the duplicate travel document should be issued. Unlike some countries that issue second passports which are restricted to certain regions, an American second passport can be utilized for traveling anywhere on the planet in the same manner as a normal US passport. However, second United States passports will only be issued with a maximum validity of two years. At one time, second passports were able to be extended. Today, the validity of second passport cannot be extended.  Should a secondary passport expire, then a new passport application must be tendered in order to receive another secondary passport.

In cases where one is curious about obtaining a second passport, first understand that this is not something that the State Department does lightly. One must show a truly compelling reason to issue a second passport. In the past, people obtained second passports with relative ease. Today, it would seem that the State Department heavily scrutinizes those seeking a second passport and will make every effort to ensure that those seeking said travel document are doing so for a legitimate reason.

The reason for the heightened caution with regard to second passports probably has something to do with the increased administrative work that likely goes into keeping track of those Citizens who have dual passports. Further, immigration offices around the world, including Thai Immigration, often use an entrant’s passport number as a reference for that person while in the country. This would not be the only reference, but the presence of two passport numbers could make clerical work more difficult.

Understand that obtaining a second passport is not the same as obtaining additional US visa pages. Many expatriates need to obtain additional visa pages due to the fact that they have used all of their visa pages while being stamped in and out of various foreign countries. As a courtesy, most United States diplomatic missions will replace visa pages free of charge.

For more information about second US passports please see this link

For more information about American Visas from Thailand please see K-1 visa Thailand

(Please note that nothing in this post should be taken as legal advice. Please consult an attorney before making any legal decisions. No attorney-client relationship is formed by reading this post.)

Tags: passport, Second Passport, Second US Passport, US Stat Department, US Visa, Visa pages
Posted in Miscellaneous | No Comments »

Many prospective clients are curious as to the status of a child born to a bi-national couple.  The most common situation we see in Thailand is a couple who has a Thai-American child and the child has dual nationality and is thus entitled to dual citizenship.  However, there are some interesting situations regarding nationality and having done research on this issue I decided to write this brief post in order to disseminate some of the nationality and citizenship rules out there.

US Nationality

A major misconceived notion among American is the idea that an American always transmits his or her citizenship on to his child automatically. This is not necessarily the case. United States Nationality law says:

“For persons born on or after November 14, 1986, a person is a U.S. citizen if all of the following are true

1. One of the person’s parents was a U.S. citizen when the person in question was born;
2. The citizen parent lived at least 5 years in the United States before his or her child’s birth;
3. A minimum of 2 of these 5 years in the United States were after the citizen parent’s 14th birthday.”

Therefore, if the United States Citizen parent does not meet this criteria, then the child could be born without US citizenship. That being said, it would be possible to file an I-130 application for a Permanent Resident Visa and upon entry into the USA, the child becomes a Citizen by operation of law.

Irish Citizenship by Marriage

There was a time when the spouse of an Irish Citizen could acquire Irish Citizenship by declaration after marriage. This was once a matter of right, but this law is no longer in effect and thus a couple now must comply with new regulations in order to obtain an Irish passport for a foreign spouse.

Citizenship by Marriage

In an effort to end “marriages of convenience,”  i.e. marriage executed solely to obtain another person’s citizenship, many countries throughout the world have repealed laws that allow foreign nationals to obtain citizenship simply by marriage. Two notable exceptions to this are Tuvalu and Barbados, but Barbados only allows this if a Barbadian man marries a foreign woman, seemingly if the genders of the couples are reversed, then the Barbadian nationality does not transmit upon marriage.

Asian Countries That Do Not Allow Dual Citizenship

Japan and Korea expressly prohibit their citizens from holding dual nationality. In cases where a child is born to parents of differing nationality, the child is generally required to choose one of the two nationalities by a statutorily specified age.

Dual Citizenship and Thailand

Thailand does not expressly prohibit dual nationality, but the attitude toward those holding two passports is somewhat less than enthusiastic. In cases of a Luk Krueng or half-Thai child, the Thai nationality will likely transmit to the child. If the foreign parent is a US Citizen and meets the criteria above, then the child would also be born with American nationality. Thus the child would be truly Thai-American.

(Please note: Nothing in this article should be used in place of legal advice. Particularly in the area of nationality law, rules and codes change over time so information that was once true, might later prove false. Therefore, it is wise to retain the services of an attorney in the country one wishes to the obtain nationality of. Nothing in this piece should be viewed as creating an attorney-client relationship between author and writer.)

Tags: Barbados Nationality, I-130 application, Irish Passport, Marriage Registration, US Nationality Law, US Visa
Posted in Miscellaneous, US Visa and Immigration | No Comments »

Comprehensive Immigration Reform has been a major issue in Washington throughout this current congressional term. However, another issue that has been gaining support in both Houses of Congress is the Uniting American Families Act, which would amend current US Immigration law to allow same sex couples US Immigration benefits.

Although there is a great deal of controversy surrounding Comprehensive Immigration reform, the UAFA is gaining momentum and may be passed sooner rather than later.

Currently the following anglophone nations allow same sex immigration based upon family relationships: Australia, Canada,  New Zealand, South Africa, and the United Kingdom.  By passing the Uniting American Families Act, the US Congress would bring America into this community of nations with a similar legal tradition who have opted not to discriminate against same-sex families for immigration purposes.

A major obstacle with regard to US Immigration for same sex couples is the Defense of Marriage Act which defined marriage as a union between a man and woman. The UAFA makes no claim to change the definition of marriage, nor does it attempt to legalize the couple’s relationship in some sort of quasi marriage or civil union. Instead, the UAFA only creates new right and entitlements with regard to US Immigration. The UAFA’s language is somewhat sublime in that it bypasses a conflict with the Defense of Marriage Act by creating the term “permanent partner,” therefore not placing the two laws at odds with one another. By simply creating a new definition a conflict of laws is avoided and, in turn, a great deal less political controversy results.

The Uniting American Families Act (S. 1328/H.R. 2221) would alter the Immigration and Nationality Act to authorize visas for same sex partners of lawful permanent residents and U.S. citizens. The act would regularize immigration status for same sex couples by adopting and placing the phrase “permanent partners” in the statutory definition of those entitled to US Family Immigration benefits.

As stated previously on this blog, we at Integrity Legal feel that this bill would bring US Immigration Law and policy into the 21st century by making US Immigration options open to US families of all types. The law would also create a many criminal and civil penalties for those who would use this legislation as a means of fraudulently obtaining US Visas.

Current President, Barack Obama has in the past described US Immigration rights for gay couples as being, “a moral imperative” this phrase succinctly sums up this issue.

For more on US Immigration generally please see:

K-1 Visa

US Visa Thailand

k3 Visa

(Note: Nothing contained herein should be construed as legal advice or as forming an attorney-client relationship, all legal advice should be obtained from a competent licensed attorney.)

Tags: same sex visa, uafa, US Immigration Law, US Immigration Policy, US Visa, us visa for gay couples
Posted in Legal Opinion, US Visa and Immigration | 3 Comments »

What is Advance Parole?

It is an immigration travel document conferred by the USA.

Unlike a re-entry  permit, advance parole is granted to those who have yet to obtain lawful permanent resident status.  For the purposes of this post we will discuss advance parole with regard to the K1 Visa. Since the K1 Visa is a non-immigrant single entry visa  advance parole may be a necessity if one enters the United States and would like to subsequently leave after entry with permission to return upon the same visa. This is especially important in terms of adjustment of status. When a Thai spouse enters the USA on a K1 Visa she must adjust status in order to obtain lawful permanent residence (a “Green Card,” to use the colloquial term). Should she leave the US while the adjustment is still processing, her adjustment application will be canceled and the visa process will have to start all over again in order for her to re-enter the USA. Therefore, advance parole is a very important concept in terms of US Family Immigration. (Although a K-3 Visa is a non-immigrant visa it is a multiple entry visa so the issues of advance parole aren’t as important)

Advance Parole and US Possessions and Territories

In previous articles about advance parole, I have written about my hesitance to advise those in the USA on a K1 Visa to travel to certain possessions of the United States. I still renew this caution, but I believe some clarification of the travel issue can be found in the definition of “United States” found at 8 CFR Chapter 12 Subchapter 1 § 1101 (a) (38):

“The term “United States”, except as otherwise specifically herein provided, when used in a geographical sense, means the continental United States, Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Virgin Islands of the United States.”

This definition begs the question, “What about other possessions of the United States?”

Advance Parole Document

The United States is also in possession of : American Samoa, Palau, the Northern Marianas Islands, and the Marshall Islands. The United States is also in a compact of Free Association with the Federated States of Micronesia. It would appear from the definition of “United States,” provided in the Immigration and Nationality Act that one would need to obtain advance parole in order to travel to any of these minor US outlying possessions because they are not part of the United States for the purposes of the Immigration and Nationality Act.

I think it may be wise to look at issues of advance parole on a spectrum:

Travel within the 50 US States: No need for Advance Parole

Travel to Puerto Rico, the US Virgin Islands, or Guam after entry into the US on a K1 Visa: it would appear that one can travel to these possessions, but there may be an issue because these territories are not technically within the USA. I would strongly recommend against traveling to these locations (unless absolutely necessary and after consultation with a competent US visa lawyer in your jurisdiction)  until after the adjustment of status process is complete.

Travel to American Samoa, Palau, the Northern Marianas Islands, and the Marshall Islands: Pursuant to the INA’s definition of “United States” it would be highly inadvisable to travel to one of these places without first obtaining advance parole because these locations do not fall within the definition of “United States,” as the author reads it.

Travel to any other state not mentioned above: Advance parole a definite necessity.

Hopefully, this post has shed some light upon this subject, but as always, do not use any of the above as a substitute or in any way in lieu of legal advice from a competent licensed attorney with experience in US Immigration matters.

Tags: advance parole, Fiance Visa, Fiancee Visa, K1 Visa, us embassy bangkok, US Visa, us visa lawyer
Posted in US Visa and Immigration | 5 Comments »

In an earlier post Packet 3 was briefly discussed and explained. This, to a certain degree, begged the question: what is packet 4? Packet 4 is the packet that includes the: pertinent medical exam requirements, interview appointment and information regarding the visa interview at the US Embassy in Bangkok, Thailand. It should be noted that this phase of the US visa process occurs after the petition has been approved by USCIS and the National Visa Center and is pending final approval from the consular officer at the Embassy.

Packet 4 is probably the most important, albeit least discussed, piece of correspondence from the US Embassy because it contains the visa appointment information.

The Visa interview is one of the most daunting aspects of the American Immigration process. One of the reasons for this is the fact that Thai prospective immigrant are sometimes nervous because they lack fluency in English. There is some consolation in knowing that the staff at the American Embassy Bangkok does employ native Thai speakers and the Embassy officials do try to assist non-native speakers of English. That being said, they still are required to perform their job which is, in a way, that of performing due diligence and making certain that the applicant should be granted a visa.

In the case of US Family Visas (the K1 Fiance Visa and/or the US Marriage Visa), the “due diligence,” consists of ascertaining that the underlying relationship is in fact bona fide and making certain that the applicant is not inadmissible for any reason. Preparation for the visa interview often consists of going over possible questions with the applicant so that the best presentation of the underlying bona fide relationship is put forward.

There are certain Grounds of Inadmissibility and if the Thai applicant is inadmissible then the applicant will be denied a visa one must file a waiver application at Bangkok USCIS. The I-601 Waiver of Inadmissibility is discussed elsewhere, but it is mentioned here to explain the possible outcomes of the visa interview.  A finding of inadmissibility is not a common thing in the context of US family Immigration, but it should be noted that it does come up. If worried that one’s record may be grounds for a finding of inadmissibility, one should seek legal counsel. However, one should never lie to the Consular Officers at the US Embassy.  The problem with lying about a ground of inadmissibility is the fact that if one is caught lying (which is highly likely) then they will probably be found inadmissible for both the issue they were trying to cover up as well as lying to the consular officer and if a waiver is sought, then the lie has placed their credibility at issue which could diminish the chance of waiver application approval.

Note: Nothing contained in this post should be used in lieu of legal advice from a competent licensed attorney

Tags: American Embassy Bangkok, American Embassy Thailand, Inadmissibility, Packet 3, Packet 4, US Visa, Visa Interview, Waiver
Posted in US Embassy Thailand, US Visa and Immigration | 3 Comments »