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Archive for the ‘K1 Visa Thailand’ Category
3rd June 2009
Unregistered Marriages and US Immigration from Thailand
Posted by : admin
The Thai legal system is based upon a system known as civil law. Unlike common law countries, civil law countries generally do not recognize marriages that are not duly registered. In a common law jurisdiction that upholds the concept of “common law marriage,” a couple that holds themselves out to the public as married can be deemed to be married by operation of law. This is not the case in Thailand where even having a wedding ceremony, referring to one another as man and wife, and sharing tax liability will generally not be enough for any court to recognize the existence of a marriage.
This marriage recognition system can have an impact with regard to US Immigration because one’s marital status in the eyes of USCIS can determine what type of visa a couple can apply for. There are some situations in which USCIS will recognize a customary marriage when the couple has no ability to register a marriage in the appropriate jurisdiction, this issue can arise in refugee marriages. However, this is the exception and not the rule. In most cases, USCIS will make determinations based upon actual marital registration status.
Therefore, if a couple has conducted a customary wedding ceremony (religious or otherwise) and has yet to register the marriage at the Amphur office, then it is likely that USCIS will view the couple’s status as unmarried. However, it may be wise to retain attorney assistance in cases where marital registration is an issue, because failure to properly explain the couple’s marital situation could lead to a visa denial by USCIS based upon the decision that the couple does not meet the statutory requirements for the visa category.
From a strategic point of view, marriage registration can be beneficial or disadvantageous depending upon where the US petitioner resides because residence will determine which USCIS office has jurisdiction. In some cases being married will qualify the couple for an Immigrant Spouse visa that would have a comparatively quick processing time because the US Citizen petitioner qualifies for overseas filing. In other cases, being unmarried may be an advantage because a K1 visa can be obtained. Regardless, decisions pertaining to marriage should not be made solely or the purpose of acquiring US Immigration benefits. It is always wise for couples to make informed and thoughtful decisions after careful research and investigation.
Issues regarding a couple’s relationship status will likely become even more complex should Congress decide to pass the Uniting of American Families Act which would entitle Permanent Partners of US Citizens to Immigration benefits.
(Please take notice: this blog post should be used for informational purposes only and should not be used in place of competent legal advice from a licensed attorney. An Attorney-Client Relationship is NOT created between the author and reader of this piece.)
2nd June 2009
Origin of the K1 Visa
Posted by : admin
Certain provisions of the Immigration and Nationality Act promulgated in 1952 create differing means and methods for family immigration to the USA. Of particular interest are the provisions specifically designed to provide visas and travel documents for foreign loved ones of Americans.
Pursuant to prior US immigration statutes and rules, an American Citizen with an alien fiancee was required to marry the alien loved one outside of the United States and subsequently petition for an Immigrant visa in order to obtain immigration benefits for the alien spouse. As time went by the number of United States Citizens marrying foreign nationals grew. As a result, the immigration caseload increased.
Over the years, the United States Congress has made efforts to ease the administrative burden shouldered by agencies involved in US Immigration. Concurrently, Congress has also passed measures designed to provide more immigration options to those United States Citizens who have alien loved ones.
The K1 Fiance visa is an example of Congressional intent to assist bi-national couples. One major problem with the pre-K1 immigration regulations: what does a couple do if they cannot get married in the foreign fiancee’s home country? Prior to passage of the legislation creating the K1 visa category many couples found themselves unable to immigrate to the USA together if the non-US Citizen’s home country would not legalize the marriage.
These types of situations can be seen even today. In Southeast Asia, there are many countries that make restrictions upon marriage to foreigners. Burma (also known as Myanmar) has enacted stringent rules regarding marriage to foreigners. At different points in Cambodia’s history, there have been instances of government attempts to keep Cambodians from marrying non-Cambodians. In situations such as this, a K1 visa can be a godsend for couples because it allows them to obtain a US visa without the requirement of formalized marriage. Once present in the USA on a K1 visa the foreign fiancee can marry the American Citizen and submit an application for adjustment of status. After the adjustment of status application is approved, the foreign fiancee is given permanent residence.
In Thailand, a country that makes no specific provisions barring foreign nationals from marrying Thais, the K1 visa is often sought because the processing time is quick in comparison to the K3 visa or the Immigrant US Marriage Visa. However, the K1 is not necessarily the fastest option because sometimes locally filing an immigrant visa petition is the fastest method of visa acquisition.
(No attorney-client relationship is created between the author and reader of this post. This post is written and distributed for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for legal advice.)
27th May 2009
Although it seems like a simple issue, discerning the difference between a fiancée and a wife for the purposes of US Immigration can be crucial, and oftentimes less than straightforward when looked at from the perspective of International law.
The reason for the unexpected ambiguity stems from the fact that different countries have different legal systems and as a result, there are different methods for legalizing marriages. The English common law is in place in the United States, as in many former British Colonies and current members of the British Commonwealth. As a result, in many of these countries the principle of “common law marriage,” has either been in previous existence under the law or is currently still good law. In either case, in common law countries, the concept of “common law marriage,” is a widely understood notion amongst laypeople.
In civil law countries, there is usually no history of judicial recognition of anything akin to a “common law marriage.” That being said, not all civil law countries deal with marital issues in the same way. There are instances where an otherwise “civil law” country will promulgate “common law,” legal mechanisms by statute (an example being where a civil law country adopts trust law via statute).
In countries that have no history of “common law marriage,” a marriage is only legalized upon compliance with whatever rules govern marriage formalization. For instance, in the Kingdom of Thailand a marriage is only legalized by registration at the local government office (known as an Amphur office in Thai). Failure to register a marriage results in a situation in which the couple may consider themselves married, but they are legally unwed. For more on this issue please see: Marriage Registration Thailand
Deciding whether a couple is legally married is important from a US Immigration perspective because a couple’s marital situation can have a major impact upon their ability to obtain certain types of visas. Marital situation can also impact the processing time of a US visa. Therefore it is important to be clear on the couple’s marital situation upfront. In Thailand, for example, many couples engage in a ceremonial or customary wedding ceremony, but never formalize a marriage. Filing for a marriage visa rather than a fiancee visa can lead to a great deal of wasted time and resources because USCIS and the US Embassy are unlikely to grant the marriage visa because the couple is not legally married.
(Please be advised that all of the information contained in this writing is for educational use only and does not constitute legal advice. Legal advice should be obtained in a one-on-one consultation with a licensed attorney. No attorney client-relationship is formed between any reader of this piece and the author.)
25th May 2009
K1 Visas vs Marriage Visas: Marriage Registration Issues
Posted by : admin
An issue that many Thai-American couples grapple with is that of deciding whether or not to register a marriage in Thailand or wait and conduct a marriage in the United States. This is an issue that can have a major impact on a Thai-American couple’s US Immigration options because United States Citizenship and Immigration Services as well as the US Embassy in Thailand view a couple with a registered marriage differently than a couple without a registered marriage. Also, a US Citizen’s marital status vis-a-vis a Thai Fiancee or Thai wife will affect the processing time for the type of visa being sought, and not in a way that most people expect.
The Irony of K1 Visas from Thailand: Why being Unmarried may be Beneficial
A counter intuitive aspect of K1 visas is the fact that they are generally a faster visa and immigration option than a marriage visa. This is due to the fact that there seems to be a lower case backlog of K1 visas at USCIS when compared to CR-1 and IR-1 Visas. Also, the fact that a K1 visa is a non-immigrant visa might lead to less scrutiny from both USCIS and the US Embassy because the visa does not confer permanent residence, conditional or otherwise. This is not to imply that either adjudicators at USCIS or consular officers at the US Embassy in Bangkok are not fully conducting due diligence, but instead there seems to be an inherently lower level of scrutiny for non-immigrant visas when compared to immigrant visas. This is also true when comparing the K1 visa to a US tourist visa because the applicant for that visa must overcome the 2statutory presumption of immigrant intent. Since a fiance visa is a “hybrid visa” there is no need to overcome the presumption of immigrant intent threshold in order to be granted the visa, as with other non-immigrant visas.
Marriage Visas from Thailand
Some people who have already married in Thailand ask if it is possible to register a Thai divorce and subsequently apply for a K1 visa. Although technically feasible, the discretionary power of adjudicators in both USCIS and the Embassy in Bangkok could result in a finding that the relationship is not bona fide because the couple is divorced only to enjoy the benefit of faster processing times of the K1 visa over the US Marriage visas. For those married and residing in Thailand it may be possible to apply for an immigrant visa at the local USCIS office in Bangkok, in this situation marriage registration may be a boon to the Thai-American couple.
Thanks for reading, for more information please see: Marriage Registration Thailand or US Visa Thailand
(Please note: this writing is intended for informational purposes only and should not be utilized as a substitute for legal advice from a Licensed US Immigration Lawyer. No attorney client relationship is created between the author and any reader of this piece.)
22nd May 2009
Visa Agents, Immigration Consultants & Specialists, and Other Scams
Posted by : admin
In Thailand there are many so-called “visa agents,” “Immigration Consultants,” and “Immigration Specialists,” who sound legitimate, but who are in fact unlicensed practitioners of law. Only an attorney licensed and in good standing in at least one of the 50 United States, territories, or possessions is entitled to practice United States Immigration law. Internal memos at USCIS have even delineated exactly what constitutes the “practice of law,” for US Immigration purposes.
According to USCIS, even advising another person about which form should be used to file for a certain type of visa constitutes the practice of law. To advise another in this manner without being duly licensed by at least one US state to practice law would constitute the UNLICENSED, and therefore UNLAWFUL practice of law.
In the United States there is a prevalence of so-called “notarios,” these are operators who prey upon unsuspecting immigrants in both the United States and Mexico. In Thailand, these people use names such as: visa consultant, visa agent, visa specialist, immigration consultant, immigration agent, immigration specialist, legal consultant, or simply legal advisor. A problem in Thailand is the fact that the government has no mechanism for regulating us visa lawyers in Thailand. This is especially confusing for the layman because only a licensed American attorney is authorized to represent a client before USCIS. Therefore utilizing a Thai attorney or Thai law firm to prepare an immigration petition is not proper procedure per USCIS regulations if the attorney filing the petition is not licensed in the USA.
Even worse than mere visa agents, there are those who falsely claim to be attorenys from the United States. Again, the lack of foreign attorney registration in Thailand contributes to a proliferation of this type of character.
The real problem with these outfits and unscrupulous operators is the fact that often they have no real grasp of US Immigration Law. Immigration law is one of the most complex areas of American jurisprudence and because it is entirely statute driven it can change very quickly and for a non-lawyer who does not keep abreast of new legislation the ignorance can be damaging to a client’s case.
In cases of great complexity (601 waivers, IMBRA issues regarding fiancee visas, forum issues for K3 visas, etc.) a visa agent or anyone else without a great deal of experience and education in immigration can detrimentally affect a prospective immigrant’s chances of entry into the USA, possibly for life.
There are certain non-profit organizations that are allowed to represent immigrants before USCIS. Generally these groups deal with refugees, but in certain instances they deal with other issues. That being said, the operative term is NON-PROFIT meaing that this type of representative generally will not charge a fee, and if they do, then the fee is usually nominal.
That being said, when contacting an attorney or anyone regarding American Immigration, always ask which state the attorney is licensed in and inquire about his or her bar number.
For more please see:
US Immigration Lawyer Thailand
(The information in this piece is intended for educational and informational use only and should not be used in place of an attorney consultation. For legal advice please consult a licensed attorney in your jurisdiction. No attorney client relationship is formed between the reader and author of this post).
20th May 2009
Consular Report of Birth Abroad: US Passports for Children in Thailand
Posted by : admin
If a child is born in Thailand and one of the child’s parent’s is a US citizen, then it may be possible to obtain a US passport for the child in Thailand. Before the passport can be obtained, it will likely be necessary to file a consular report of birth abroad.
A Consular report of birth abroad is akin to a birth certificate in that by making a report of birth abroad, an American Citizen is putting the United States government on notice that they have had a child and as per the the legal doctrine of jus sanguinis, the child may be eligible for US citizenship. Jus Sanguinis (a Latin term meaning “right of blood”) is a legal and social policy under which citizenship or nationality is not determined by the place a person was born, but through the presence of an ancestor who is a citizen or national of the state concerned. This policy stands in contrast to jus soli (a Latin term meaning “right of soil”). In the United States, jus soli and jus sanguinis are both methods of acquiring US citizenship. Therefore it is not necessary for a child to be born in the United States in order for that child to be born a US citizen. If the child is born abroad to at least one US citizen parent then the parent’s US citizenship will be transferred to the child.
There are restrictions on this doctrine for the purposes of US citizenship. In situations where the US citizen parent has not spent a statutorily required amount of time in the United States, the parent’s citizenship may fail to transmit to the child. In a case such as this where the US citizen parent wishes to obtain US citizenship for his or her child, it would be necessary to file an I-130 application on behalf of the child and obtain an immigrant visa for the child. Upon entry into the United States, the child would be vested with citizenship automatically by operation of law, because the permanent resident child of a US citizen will be vested with citizenship upon entry into the US on an immigrant visa.
In Thailand consular reports of birth abroad can be obtained at the US Embassy in Thailand or the US Consulate in Chiang Mai. In some instances, the US Embassy will require a paternity test in order to prove that the child is indeed that of the United States Citizen filing the report. In some cases (particularly in a relationship with previous children present) this requirement may be waived. In the cases in which a paternity test is requested, the couple has yet to finalize a legal marriage and has instead opted to perform a customary marriage due to the fact that they are seeking to obtain a K1 visa and by getting married it would preclude that type of visa application. Although, there are many situations in which a paternity test is requested.
Thanks for reading,
Feel free to email us at [email protected] for more information on this and other US Immigration issues.
(Please not: nothing contained herein should be used in place of personalized legal advice from an attorney. No attorney-client relationship is created between the reader and the author of this post.)
For more information on our website please see:
16th May 2009
Same Sex Marriage: US Immigration, Visas, Defense of Marriage Act
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Conflict of Laws and the Uniting of American Families Act
A controversial and important issue with regard to US Immigration law and policy is the Uniting of American Families Act which would confer family immigration benefits upon same-sex couples. However, a question that many people ask me is: can I get a fiance or marriage visa for a same sex partner if we plan to marry, or have already executed a marriage, in a state that allows same sex marriage, domestic partnerships, or civil unions? At the time of this writing, the short answer to this question is: under current law, NO.
State recognized same-sex marriages and civil unions represents one of the biggest conflict of laws issue in America today. With regard to same-sex marriage issues within the USA, the issue has been raised as to whether a state that does not allow same sex marriage or does not recognize same sex marriage can grant a divorce of a same sex couple. This issue has not been fully explored and no policy or legal principle has been set in stone.
In the realm of US Immigration, the issue is more clear cut, but no less confusing for the layman. Under the Defense of Marriage Act, the US Congress made the following laws:
- No state (or other political subdivision within the United States) needs to treat a relationship between persons of the same sex as a marriage, even if the relationship is considered a marriage in another state.
- The United States federal government may not treat same-sex relationships as marriages for any purpose, even if concluded or recognized by one of the states.
This means that even though a same-sex marriage is properly executed in a state and recognized by a state government, it will not be recognized as such by the US government. American Immigration law is a body of jurisprudence that is wholly federal law, so even though a marriage is properly conducted and recognized by a state, the provisions of the Defense of Marriage Act precludes the Federal government, in the form of the United States Citizenship and Immigration Service (USCIS), from conferring immigration benefits if based upon the underlying marriage, or intention to marry (however legally binding same sex marriage at the state level may be).
The Uniting of American Families Act is a rather clever piece of legislation because it circumvents the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) by creating a whole new visa category under the US Immigration and Nationality Act. In its current form, the UAFA would allow “permanent partners,” the right to US Immigration benefits. This means that an alien permanent partner would be entitled to a visa like a CR-1 or IR-1 in which permanent residence in the USA could ultimately be secured.
It is the authors opinion that proving up the bona fides of the relationship when applying for a “permanent partner” visa will be more difficult than in different-sex relationship cases, because both USCIS and the consular post will be more heavily scrutizing these applications because they coule be used to defraud the government for US Immigration benefits. In a way, the permanent partner visa would be something akin to a hybrid visa like a K1 fiance visa. That being said, if and when the UAFA passes, it will be a major step toward equal rights of same sex bi-national couples.
(This information is intended for academic purposes only and should not be used to make legal deciions without consulting a licensed attorney in your jurisdiction. No attorney client privilege, express or implied, is created between the author and reader of this content.)
13th May 2009
US Visa Thailand: Frequently Asked Questions
Posted by : admin
There are certain questions that seem to come up repeatedly when dealing with clients and prospective clients in Thailand. I thought that todays post could review some of the more frequently asked questions regarding the US Immigration process, specifically from Thailand.
1. Do two fiances need to have met before applying for a K1 visa?
The short answer: Yes. The Long answer: a couple should have met, but this requirement can be waived. In certain instances, USCIS will waive the meeting requirement if the applicant or petitioner can show a compelling reason why they have not met their fiancee within the past 2 years. That being said, it should be borne in mind that in order to have this requirement waived, a high threshold must be overcome in that the petitioner must show a compelling reason why he or she could not have met their fiancee. This burden of proof is on the level of showing “extreme hardship,” for waiver purposes.
2. Is it okay if my Thai fiancee speaks no English and only speaks Thai?
Strictly speaking, there is no language requirement with regard to US Immigration from Thailand. That being said, having no shared language would raise issues as to whether the couple is in a bona fide relationship, because if they cannot communicate, then it could be inferred that the relationship is not genuine.
However, in cases where it is a Thai-American wishing to file a K1 application for a Thai and the couple shares a common language (Thai), this would not be as much of a pressing issue.
3. Can I file for more than 1 K1 Fiance Visa?
Yes, but with restrictions. Under the International Marriage Broker Regulation Act (IMBRA) restrictions have been placed upon multiple filers of K1 Visas. Basically, if one wishes to file for a second K1 visa within a 2 year period after initially filing for another K1 visa, then the petitioner will need to obtain a waiver of IMBRA restrictions from USCIS.
4. How much money do I need to make in order to prove an ability to support a Thai fiance or wife?
The amount of income necessary to prove an ability to support a Thai fiancee or spouse varies depending upon the number of dependent a US Citizen petitioner has. Check the Affidavit of support financial requirements to learn more. Also, if one does not meet the income requirement, then a joint sponsor may be utilized.
Can a Permanent Resident Apply for a K1 Visa?
No, only a US Citizen is entitled to file a petition on behalf of an alien fiancee.
Can I apply for a K1 or Marriage Visa for my Partner of the Same Sex?
Under Current law, Same Sex couples are restricted from many of the family based immigration categories. However, the Uniting of American Families Act is a piece of pending legislation. The UAFA would grant, “permanent partners,” the same immigration rights as different sex couples.
Thanks for reading,
For more information please see:
(Note: Nothing Contained herein should be used in lieu of individualized legal advice from a licensed attorney. No attorney-client relationship (express or implied) is created between the reader and the writer of this post).
12th May 2009
US Visa Denial Thailand: Rejection, Waiver, & USCIS Jurisdiction
Posted by : admin
For general information about problems with a Us visa application please see: US Visa Denial Thailand.
The process of obtaining a visa for a loved one to the United States can be long and complicated. At the end of the process, the last thing a prospective applicant wants to receive is a rejection and denial of the visa application. However, this can occur and in situations in which it does occur there are remedies. In other posts on this blog, the topic of waivers of inadmissibility has been discussed. This post will briefly recap the topic and add some new information about where a waiver application can filed and clear up confusion about what types of waivers exist under current legislation.
IMBRA Waiver with USCIS
One point of confusion that I have heard from prospective visa petitioners involves the IMBRA (International Marriage Broker Regulation Act). Pursuant to the IMBRA, one must obtain a waiver in order to file multiple K1 petitions within a two year period. Although this provision denotes a waiver requirement for a multiple filer of K1 visas, this type of waiver is contemporaneously with the I-129f application for Fiance Visa. (It would be prudent to consult with an Immigration attorney if you believe you may be subject to multiple filer restrictions under IMBRA).
US Waivers of Visa Denial at the US Embassy in Bangkok, Thailand
Should the visa be denied at the US Embassy in Bangkok, then one must first decipher the type of denial. Technically a 221 g refusal is a visa denial, but from a practical standpoint it is merely a visa denial pending further documentation or information. Therefore, it is possible to cure whatever deficiencies exist and ultimately obtain the visa.
Sham Relationship or Marriage
If the consular officer makes a decision that a marriage of fiance relationship is not genuine, then the visa could be denied and that decision is not subject to waiver or appeal. This is why proving up the legitimacy of a relationship or marriage at the US Embassy in Bangkok is so important.
Consular Finding of Legal Inadmissibility
If the consular officer finds that the applicant for a visa is legally inadmissible then the visa will be denied, but the finding of inadmissibility may be remedied through the approval of a waiver of inadmissibility (most likely an I-601 waiver application).
Where is the Waiver Application Filed
It is possible to file a waiver application with the consular officer at the US Embassy. However, this method may be inefficient as the Embassy will send the I-601 waiver application to USCIS for adjudication. It may be faster to simply file an I-601 application with USCIS directly.
On another related note USCIS Bangkok has administrative jurisdiction over USCIS filed offices in New Delhi, India; Seoul, Republic of Korea; Beijing and Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China; Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China; Manila, Philippines; and Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. In its capacity as Bangkok’s District Office it has jurisdiction over Australia, Burma, Brunei, Cambodia, East Timor, Laos PDR, Indonesia, Singapore, Thailand, Malaysia, and New Zealand. Therefore an I-601 waiver application for a US visa to be obtained from an Embassy in any of these countries can be filed at USCIS Bangkok.
Thanks for reading and for more on US Immigration from Thailand please see:
(Please note: this writing should not be used in lieu of legal advice from a licensed attorney with experience in US Immigration matters. No relationship (attorney-client or otherwise) should be implied from reading this article.)
7th May 2009
K1 Fiance Visas: Visa Validity and Adjustment of Status
Posted by : admin
What Happens After the K1 Visa Interview?
After the visa interview a fiancee will either receive a 221 g request for more information, an outright denial, or an approval of the visa application and a visa will be placed into her passport. A frequently asked question: how long before she must use the visa to the USA? Generally, the answer to this question is 6 months from the issue date. Therefore, a Thai fiancee will need to present her visa at a port of entry in the USA within 6 months of visa issue or else the visa will expire and she will need to obtain a new one before presenting herself at the port of entry again. Getting past the port of entry is usually a smooth process and the worst inconvenience imposed upon the Thai fiancee will likely be the existence of a long line at the United States Customs and Immigration checkpoint.
So you have gotten your fiancee to the United States from Thailand using a K-1 Fiancee. She has gotten past the port of entry in the United States and she is currently in lawful K1 status in the USA: Now What?
A question many couples pose after completing the K-1 visa obtainment process is: does my fiancee need to leave the USA within 90 days? No, you and your fiancee must get legally married and apply for adjustment of status to permanent residence in order for your fiancee to remain in the US legally. While an adjustment of status application is pending the Thai fiancee is entitled to remain in the USA.
If the couple decides that for logistical reasons a marriage is not feasible, the the Thai fiancee will need to depart the United States before the visa’s validity expires. An issue that arises with regard to this type of situation: under the provisions of the International Marriage Broker Regulation Act a US Citizen is only allowed to petition for one K1 visa every 2 years and if petitioning for more than one K1 within that time period, a waiver must be obtained. Generally, where there was good reason for failure to conduct a marriage and this reason is properly explained to the USCIS adjudicator, a waiver will be issued and the couple would be able to obtain a second fiance visa.
Please see US Visa Thailand for more information
(Please note: Nothing contained within this blog post should be construed as creating an attorney-client relationship between author and reader. This post is meant for informational purposes only and is not meant to act as a substitute for individual legal advice from a licensed attorney.)
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