Integrity Legal

Many prospective clients are curious as to the status of a child born to a bi-national couple.  The most common situation we see in Thailand is a couple who has a Thai-American child and the child has dual nationality and is thus entitled to dual citizenship.  However, there are some interesting situations regarding nationality and having done research on this issue I decided to write this brief post in order to disseminate some of the nationality and citizenship rules out there.

US Nationality

A major misconceived notion among American is the idea that an American always transmits his or her citizenship on to his child automatically. This is not necessarily the case. United States Nationality law says:

“For persons born on or after November 14, 1986, a person is a U.S. citizen if all of the following are true

1. One of the person’s parents was a U.S. citizen when the person in question was born;
2. The citizen parent lived at least 5 years in the United States before his or her child’s birth;
3. A minimum of 2 of these 5 years in the United States were after the citizen parent’s 14th birthday.”

Therefore, if the United States Citizen parent does not meet this criteria, then the child could be born without US citizenship. That being said, it would be possible to file an I-130 application for a Permanent Resident Visa and upon entry into the USA, the child becomes a Citizen by operation of law.

Irish Citizenship by Marriage

There was a time when the spouse of an Irish Citizen could acquire Irish Citizenship by declaration after marriage. This was once a matter of right, but this law is no longer in effect and thus a couple now must comply with new regulations in order to obtain an Irish passport for a foreign spouse.

Citizenship by Marriage

In an effort to end “marriages of convenience,”  i.e. marriage executed solely to obtain another person’s citizenship, many countries throughout the world have repealed laws that allow foreign nationals to obtain citizenship simply by marriage. Two notable exceptions to this are Tuvalu and Barbados, but Barbados only allows this if a Barbadian man marries a foreign woman, seemingly if the genders of the couples are reversed, then the Barbadian nationality does not transmit upon marriage.

Asian Countries That Do Not Allow Dual Citizenship

Japan and Korea expressly prohibit their citizens from holding dual nationality. In cases where a child is born to parents of differing nationality, the child is generally required to choose one of the two nationalities by a statutorily specified age.

Dual Citizenship and Thailand

Thailand does not expressly prohibit dual nationality, but the attitude toward those holding two passports is somewhat less than enthusiastic. In cases of a Luk Krueng or half-Thai child, the Thai nationality will likely transmit to the child. If the foreign parent is a US Citizen and meets the criteria above, then the child would also be born with American nationality. Thus the child would be truly Thai-American.

(Please note: Nothing in this article should be used in place of legal advice. Particularly in the area of nationality law, rules and codes change over time so information that was once true, might later prove false. Therefore, it is wise to retain the services of an attorney in the country one wishes to the obtain nationality of. Nothing in this piece should be viewed as creating an attorney-client relationship between author and writer.)

Tags: Barbados Nationality, I-130 application, Irish Passport, Marriage Registration, US Nationality Law, US Visa
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