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Posts Tagged ‘us embassy bangkok’
14th July 2009
Laws and Rules Regarding Extraterritoriality
Posted by : admin
When dealing with issues involving US Immigration or Immigration to Thailand, one will often run into situations where the legal systems of two sovereign states come into play. Further, dealing with diplomatic missions in the form of Embassies, Consulates, and Charges D’Affairs the concepts of jurisdiction, sovereignty, and extraterritoriality come to the forefront. In this post we will take a quick look at extraterritoriality and how it applies to United States Embassies and Consulates in Thailand and abroad.
What is Extraterritoriality? Extraterritoriality is a legal situation in which one is exempted from the jurisdiction of the law of the locality where one is situated. Generally, this situation results from the commencement or continuation of diplomatic discussions. In certain instances, extraterritoriality can be applicable to tangible locations such as non-native military installations and in modern times: the United Nations compound in New York City.
There is a common misconception that Embassies and Consulates have extraterritoriality. As anecdotal evidence of this misconception, people will often say things like, “the US Embassy sits upon United States soil.” For the most part, this is not the case as extraterritoriality is not conferred upon an Embassy or Consulate, but in some situations extraterritoriality may be created by Treaty. That being said, members of diplomatic legations (Ambassadors, Representatives, Consuls, Vice Consuls, Deputy Ambassadors, and Charges D’Affaires) may be accorded extraterritorial status within the foreign state to which they have been accredited. Also, the property of such representatives may have extraterritorial status. For example, an official diplomatic pouch will not be subject to search and seizure by a country other than the country with ownership of the pouch.
These legal rights were created in order to allow diplomatic agents to have the ability to freely conduct correspondence with their home nation. Also, these privileges are generally conferred as a courtesy from one sovereign to another. As a practical matter, “diplomatic immunity” puts the diplomat outside of local law. However, these privileges are usually extended reciprocally and therefore neither state is being accorded inequitable privileges.
At one time, the Kingdom of Thailand conferred extraterritorial rights upon foreigners in the country. As time went by, these rights were viewed with more resentment by Thai people. After World War II, the Thai government began renegotiating treaties with foreign governments in an effort to do away with these disproportionate extraterritorial concessions. Today, Thailand maintains normal diplomatic relations with most countries around the world.
(This is not legal advice. For such advice contact an attorney. No Attorney-Client relationship is formed between the reader and writer of this posting.)
13th July 2009
US Visa Denial & Waiver: Are State Department Statistics Reliable?
Posted by : admin
There is some confusion regarding the American State Department’s estimates regarding visa denials from around the world. There are some who are under the mistaken impression that the State Department’s numbers are the definitive source for information regarding waivers of inadmissibility. In fact, any numbers published by the United States Department of State regarding I-601 waivers should be taken with a grain of salt because the American Department of State is not the agency tasked with handling the adjudication of I-601 waiver applications after the a United States Consular Officer at an Embassy or Consulate General has made a finding that a legal ground of inadmissibility exists in a particular Immigration case.
The United States Citizenship and Immigration Service (USCIS) has the authority to grant waivers of inadmissibility under United States Immigration law. Therefore, USCIS’s internal statistics would be the proper government source to consult regarding the number waivers of inadmissibility applied for and ultimately granted. That being said, USCIS does not keep categorical statistics according to the Agenda of the USCIS National Stakeholder Meeting on January 27, 2009:
“Although we track the total number of Forms I-601 processed, USCIS International Operations does not have a system to track the specific grounds of inadmissibility that applicants seek to waive.”
The document that is causing the confusion regarding visa denials can be found at the following url. The first major cause of confusion in this document is the seemingly small number of findings of legal inadmissibility under section 212 (a)(2)(D)(i) for engaging in acts of prostitution or deriving profits from activities that are presumed to be prostitution. According to the table there were only 2 non-immigrant visa waivers granted in 2008 under section 212 (a)(2)(D)(i) of the United States Immigration and Nationality Act (INA). I find this number difficult to believe as this author has recently discussed the prostitution ground of legal inadmissibility with two highly experienced United States Immigration attorneys and between the two of them, they had applied for and obtained more than 2 non-immigrant visa waivers in 2008. Further, I believe it is highly likely that other prospective US Immigrants and non-immigrants were granted waivers of this ground of inadmissibility because I doubt that only two United States attorneys handled all of the waivers granted under this section of the INA in 2008; particularly if one takes into account not only other immigration attorneys, but I-601 waiver applications filed pro se as well.
For more on US Visas Please See: K-1 Visa or K-3 Visa
(This document is not intended as a source of legal advice, but for educational purposes. For legal advice contact an Attorney. No Lawyer-Client relationship should be deemed to exist between the writer and reader of this blog post.)
10th July 2009
J1 Visa Thailand: Jobs Available to Thai J1 Exchange Visitors
Posted by : admin
Many people around the globe long to travel to the United States. Thailand is no different as many Thai nationals seek entrance to the United States as either immigrants or non-immigrants. Those entering with non-immigrant status tend to be entering on a US tourist visa, US student visa, or an Exchange Visitor Visa. The Exchange Visitor Visa is often referred to by its Immigration category: the J1 visa. There are certain requirements for obtaining a J1 visa and it is a somewhat unique visa because it confers certain rights and restrictions not imposed upon non-immigrants entering the United States upon visas in other categories.
While the Department of Homeland Security is the primary agency with the mandate to facilitate the obtainment of exchange visitor visas, the Department delegates the task of exchange sponsorship to others, namely businesses, organizations, and other government agencies. Those organizations responsible for carrying out this Department of Homeland Security delegated mandate assist J1 applicants in entering the United states of America in order to engage in one of the following vocations:
1. Au pair (Nanny)
2. Camp Counselor
3. Student, college/university
4. Student, secondary
5. Government Visitor
6. International Visitor (reserved for U.S. Department of State use)
7. Alien physician
8. Professor
9. Research Scholar
10. Short-term Scholar
11. Specialist
12. Summer work/travel
13. Teacher
14. Trainee
For more information on each of these vocations please see the United States Department of State Website
Those wishing to engage in the above activity may be eligible to receive a J1 visa. That being said, documentation and interviews will most likely be required before the J-1 visa will be issued by the US Embassy in Thailand. As with any United States Visa, final visa application approval is provided by US State Department consular officers working at posts in Thailand. There are two diplomatic posts in Thailand which handle J1 visa petitions: the US Embassy in Bangkok (already mentioned) and the United States Consulate General in Chiang Mai.
As mentioned previously on this website, those seeking to bring a loved one to the United States on a J-1 visa because they wish to bypass comparatively longer processing times for family based visas should think twice before doing so. First of all, obtaining a non-immigrant visa when the applicant actually has immigrant intent is viewed by US officials as defrauding the United States Citizenship and Immigration Service. Further, obtaining and entering the USA on a J1 visa may be a bad tactical decision for those wishing to bypass K-1 visa or K-3 visa wait times because a J1 visa entrant may have a 2 year foreign residency requirement imposed upon them before they may reenter the United States. As a general rule, if one wishes to bring a loved one to the USA on a Fiance visa or Marriage visa, then it is best to use those designated visa categories rather than the J-1 visa.
(Please be aware that none of the above is intended for any use other than education. This is not legal advice. For legal advice contact a licensed US Attorney. No attorney-client relationship shall be created between the author and any reader of this posting.)
7th July 2009
Most United States Visas that process through the US Embassy in Bangkok, Thailand proceed in an efficient and uneventful manner. The Officers in the US Consular Section have a large caseload and generally do their job in a professional and diligent manner. This being said, some Immigration and visa cases are delayed. The term used in American Immigration circles when a visa application is set aside for further review is: administrative processing.
Administrative Processing and the 221(g)
Technically a 221g denial and request for more evidence could be classified as “administrative processing.” In practice, most cases that are in administrative processing have been red flagged because there is a suspicion of immigration fraud or there is some aspect of the case that the consular officer feels warrants further investigation. In cases such as this the application can be delayed for weeks or months until a final determination is made.
Does Administrative Processing mean a US Visa is Denied?
In some cases administrative processing can occur after a visa application has been denied and needs to be sent back to USCIS to close the case. In the case of a Fiance visa or marriage visa, this would likely only occur upon a factual finding by the consular officer that there is not a bona fide relationship underlying the visa application. This type of visa denial is very rare in US Family Immigration matters. However, a Consular officer who is suspicious about a particular visa application could put the case in administrative processing and ask for further documentation. The fraud unit would likely review the application further in order to ascertain the visa application’s merits.
There are other situations where a visa application could go into administrative processing. Of particular note are situations where beneficiaries have been present in the United States previously and have done things that may raise questions about what they were doing while stateside. A good example would be someone in the United States on a visa without work authorization who was working. This factual scenario would probably cause a case to go into administrative processing because the Consular officers would want to know more details about the applicant’s previous experience in the USA.
Administrative Processing is something many applicants seek to avoid and one of the best methods of doing so is to have a well prepared application. Further, Consular Officers are very well trained when it comes to picking up on cues that an application might be fraudulent. For this reason, we highly recommend that the best way to stay out of administrative processing is to file a bona fide application. Honesty is always the best policy when dealing with the United States Government and the US Embassy Thailand is no exception.
If a case should be denied because the applicant was deemed legally inadmissible, then an I-601 waiver may be sought.
For more information please See K-1 Visa Thailand or K3 Visa Thailand.
28th June 2009
The Role of a Thai Attorney in Obtaining a US Visa from Thailand
Posted by : admin
US Immigration from Thailand can be a complex and multifaceted process. Compiling Immigration forms and documentation can be an arduous task for an American Citizen who understands the English language fluently. This difficulty is compounded when one takes into account the fact that a language barrier and 12 hour time difference can slow the visa obtainment process immeasurably. In some cases, the Thai fiancee must deal with Thai government offices, which can be frustrating and confusing depending upon the office in question.
In a previous post we discussed how retaining a US Immigration Lawyer can be highly advantageous for those seeking to obtain a US visa from Thailand. An American attorney on the ground in Bangkok can expedite the visa process by assisting a Thai fiancee with the US Immigration forms and 221 g follow up documentation at the US Embassy Thailand. Many American Citizens enjoy the peace of mind that comes from knowing a US visa lawyer is assisting their Thai loved one in real time.
That being said, there are certain aspects of the US visa process where a Thai attorney can be a boon to both the American client and the Thai fiancee. The first instance in which a legally trained Thai who is fluent in English can be useful is document translation. Thai legal documents that are pertinent to Visa obtainment should be translated by one with both a fluency in English and a familiarity with Thai law. Further, some documents that are quite common in Thailand, have no analogous counterpart in the American common law system. A lack of familiarity with Thai legal documentation can create confusion and delay for visa cases submitted and processed by American citizens who opt not to retain representation. Therefore, a Thai attorney’s expertise with Thai legal documents can be essential to an expeditious visa processing time frame. Requests for Evidence (RFE) from USCIS and 221 g denials are far less common where the petitioner and beneficiary have opted to retain a firm that employs Thai and American attorneys.
A Thai Attorney can be of real assistance when it comes to dealing with government offices because they are familiar with bureaucratic protocol and can speak to the Thai officers in their own language.
A Thai attorney can assist an American attorney with preparing the applicant for the visa interview in Bangkok. This preparation helps the fiancee or spouse feel more comfortable about the impending interview and also will make the interview proceed more quickly because the Thai is given a “heads up.”
A Thai attorney can be of great assistance in US Immigration matters, but they will not be able to accompany a Thai fiancee to the Visa interview at the US Embassy in Bangkok. No one is allowed to accompany a Thai visa applicant to the visa interview (this includes the US Citizen spouse or fiancee). With the large caseload processing through the American Embassy in Bangkok, the waiting room cannot accommodate all of the relatives of those seeking US Visas.
(Please note: the content contained herein is intended for informational purposes only. No attorney/client relationship is created by reading this post.)
26th June 2009
There are essentially three government agencies that have a hand in the US Visa process: the United States Citizenship and Immigration Service (USCIS), the National Visa Center (NVC), and the United States Department of State (the Department with jurisdiction over the US Embassies, Consulates, and Diplomatic Posts abroad). Of these three agencies, USCIS has the case in its possession for the longest period of time because the petition must be initially adjudicated by their officers.
Within the USCIS administrative structure there are two service centers that handle the adjudication of the K1 visa application and K3 visa application for fiancees of United States Citizens (in both cases, the actual application form is called the I-129f). The Services Centers are located in California and Vermont, respectively. They each have their own unique jurisdiction depending upon the residence of the petitioner.
Within the past few days, the USCIS service center in California issued a revised estimate regarding how long it is taking for adjudication of K-1 visa applications and K-3 visa applications. They are now estimating that it will take 5 months for the average visa petition to be adjudicated. This is compared to the previous estimate of 6 months.
As I have explained on this blog and to people in the past. This estimate tends to be quite conservative as we tend to see these petitions adjudicated by USCIS in a much more timely manner than this. That being siad, the prospective immigrant or sponsor should be aware that the petition must also pass through the National Visa Center (which generally processes I-129f petitions faster than Immigrant Visa petitions) and the US Embassy Bangkok.
K3 visas a re also different because one needs to take into account the underlying I-130 petition that acts as the foundation for the supplemental I-129f petition that garners an expedited visa.
At the back of everyone’s mind should be the idea that all time frames for visa obtainment are estimates only as many factors can be at play when a visa application is processing. The best advice is to plan for the worst, but hope for the best. It has been our experience that the US Embassy in Thailand works in a very efficient manner in an effort to get petitions adjudicated quickly. The USCIS service centers are generally the “bottleneck” where visa applications can get delayed.
(No aspect of this piece should be construed as legal advice because this post is written for educational and informational purposes only. No attorney-client relationship should be construed to exist between the author and reader of this post.)
11th June 2009
Adjustment of Status for the US K-3 Marriage Visa
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In most cases where a US Marriage Visa is involved the couple does not need to concern themselves with the issue of adjustment of status. That being said, the K-3 visa is an exception because it is a non-immigrant visa.
One should not mistake “adjustment of status” for “change of status.” “Change of Status” only applies to persons transitioning from one non-immigrant visa category to another non-immigrant visa category. In the case of a transition from a non-immigrant to an immigrant visa cateogry, the proper term of art is “adjustment of status.”
The K-3 visa is a bit of an odd category because it requires two underlying USCIS petitions: the classic I-130 and the supplemental I-129f (usually reserved for K-1 visas). A result of these dual applications is that an alien beneficiary spouse has the option of either adjusting status in the United States or returning to her home country for interview and Immigrant Visa conferral.
Some clients opt to adjust a Thai spouse’s status in the United States, while others take the position that returning home for the interview is more pleasant. The K-3 Visa lasts for two years, therefore many Thai beneficiaries use what could otherwise be the adjustment phase of the process to return home to Thailand in order to see family while at the same time finalizing the Immigrant visa process at the US Embassy in Thailand.
Should the foreign bride decide to adjust status stateside, then the process is similar to the adjustment of status process for a fiance visa. Upon approval of the Adjustment application, the K-3 visa beneficiary will be given lawful permanent residence.
There was a time when K-3 visas could be granted with a duration of up to ten years. Due to adjustment issues it seems Embassies stopped issuing these visas with 10 year validity. The reason may stem from the fact that government officials may have decided it was inefficient to let the I-130 petitions languish at Embassies abroad while the spouse of a US Citizen enjoyed a 10 year visa. Another issue could be that a US Citizen spouse dying could leave the foreign spouse stranded from an immigration standpoint because the K-3 is a non-immigrant visa category and the US Citizen’s death could result in precluding the foreign spouse from obtaining permanent residence based upon the marriage to the now deceased spouse. For these reasons, it may be prudent to submit an application for adjustment of status as soon as the beneficiary enters the USA on a K-3.
(Nothing herein should be assumed to act as a substitute for legal advice from a competent licensed attorney. No attorney-client relationship is created by reading this blog post.)
8th June 2009
K-3 Visa Process: USA Visa Process Explained by a K-3 Visa Lawyer
Posted by : admin
The K-3 Visa Process: A Closer look at a Hybrid Visa
The K-3 Visa is a very misunderstood and probably often misused visa for American Family Immigration. A great deal of false information is present all over the internet as the K-3 is trumpeted as THE US marriage visa. In reality the K-3 visa, although in certain instances effective, probably has limited utility particularly where the Thai-American couple has yet to register a marriage in Thailand.
The K-3 Process Explained
The K-3 visa was created at a time when I-130 petitions (the underlying petition of the CR-1 visa and the IR-1 visa) were taking as long as 3 years or more to process through USCIS. Congressmen and Senators, feeling pressure from their constituents, made the decision to create an alternate visa for bi-national married couples. The result was the K-3 Marriage Visa.
Step one of the K-3 Visa Process:
File an I-130 petition for a CR-1/ IR-1 Visa. The I-130 petition creates the foundation for the rest of the K-3 process.
Step 2 of the K-3 Visa Process:
File an I-129f petition. Those who have kept up with this blog will recall that the I-129f is the K-1 visa application. In the case of the K-3, the visa process is essentially the same as the K-1 from this point except for the fact that now the K-3 petition is processing at the same time as the CR-1 or IR-1 petition.
Step 3 of the K-3 process:
The I-129f petition, upon approval, leaves USCIS and is sent to the National Visa Center. From there, it is forwarded to the US Embassy in Bangkok.
Step 4 of the K-3 Visa Process:
The K-3 interview at the US Embassy: the K-3 Visa beneficiary is interviewed by the Consular Officer and provided there are no 221g denials, the K-3 visa will be approved.
While this process is transpiring, the I-130 petition is also pending simultaneously. From a practical standpoint, this means that the couple has a choice regarding which visa application they will use to obtain the visa. Should they opt to simply use the K-3, then the Thai wife will enter the USA with a 2 year multiple entry visa, but NOT lawful permanent residence (Green Card). In order to obtain permanent residence and therefore finish the K-3 visa process, the K-3 spouse must either adjust status in the USA or leave the US and travel back to Thailand and re-interview for the underlying IR-1/CR-1 visa.
One of the probable reasons for a great deal of misinformation regarding the K-3 is the fact that “visa agents” do not understand the visa process. Also, a particular issue with regard to Thailand is the fact that unlicensed “Immigration Consultants” and “Law Firms,” cannot submit a US Immigration petition at the local USCIS office in Bangkok. If a US Citizen is qualified, a local filing can garner an immigrant visa for a Thai spouse in as fast as six months and the Thai spouse is conferred permanent residence upon arrival in America. USCIS will only allow a licensed attorney to represent clients before their officers and as a result non-licensed individuals seem to prefer to mail petitions to the USA in an effort to avoid being detected in the unlicensed practice of law.
(This post is for general information only. It is not a sufficient alternative to private legal advice from a licensed attorney. This post should not be misunderstood: merely reading this post does not create an attorney-client relationship between author and reader.)
5th June 2009
Visa Interview at the US Embassy in Thailand: Attorney’s Role
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Consular Processing: Visa Interview Preparation for a Thai Fiancee or Wife
One unique aspect of practicing United States Immigration law abroad is the ability to assist a foreign loved one with the US Embassy in Bangkok. Currently, the US Embassy’s policy states that no one other than the Thai applicant may be present for the visa interview at the Embassy on the day of the interview (this included the US Citizen spouse or Fiancee). Due to the fact that the foreign loved one will go through the interview process alone, the services of an immigration attorney can be very beneficial in preparing the foreign fiancee or spouse for the interview and giving the fiancee or spouse prior notification of Embassy procedure and what to expect. Depending on the category of US visa (K-1, K-3, or CR-1) different thresholds of proof will be required with regard to the bona fides of the relationship.
Interview preparation can be vital in facilitating a successful outcome at the United States Embassy, particularly in situations where the Thai fiancee or spouse has difficulty communicating in the English language or becomes easily nervous when dealing with government officials. That being said, many of a Thai fiancee’s fears regarding the Embassy can be laid to rest by a competent lawyer who can explain the situation and dispel any rumors or myths that a fiancee or wife has heard.
Assistance with 221 g Responses
Embassy officials are hard working individuals and at the Consular Service Section they process a large number of cases each year. Therefore, in the interests of speed and efficiency where there is a deficiency of documentation the consular officer will likely issue a 221 g denial. In many cases, fiancees or wives believe this to be a denial of the visa application and that the denial is final. In point of fact: 221g’s are denials, but they are denials pending further documentation. Therefore, if an applicant can cure the deficiency, then the visa will likely be issued. This is where retaining an attorney can be of great use. Currently, the US Embassy in Bangkok gives licensed American attorneys the privilege of presenting 221 (g) documentation on behalf of a visa applicant (the Embassy will not deal with visa agents or unlicensed so-called “lawyers”). This can be of great advantage particularly to the fiancee or spouse who does not live in Bangkok. By using an immigration attorney, it is generally unnecessary for the fiancee or spouse to return to Bangkok after the initial interview (this is not always the case, because consular officers can request that applicants return for a follow-up interview, as a practical matter, this rarely, if ever, happens).
Inadmissibility and Waiver
In cases where there exists a legal ground of inadmissibility, retaining an attorney is highly advisable particularly at the pre-interview phase. The reason for this is the fact that an attorney can prepare the waiver application in anticipation of the denial on a ground of inadmissibility. An I-601 application could be filed at virtually the same moment of denial. This would save time because the attorney is on the ground in real time and could interact with both the Embassy and the USCIS district office.
For more information, please see: US visa Thailand
(Nothing contained herein is an adequate substitute for a personal legal consultation. No Attorney-Client Relationship should be deemed to exist between author and reader.)
3rd June 2009
Unregistered Marriages and US Immigration from Thailand
Posted by : admin
The Thai legal system is based upon a system known as civil law. Unlike common law countries, civil law countries generally do not recognize marriages that are not duly registered. In a common law jurisdiction that upholds the concept of “common law marriage,” a couple that holds themselves out to the public as married can be deemed to be married by operation of law. This is not the case in Thailand where even having a wedding ceremony, referring to one another as man and wife, and sharing tax liability will generally not be enough for any court to recognize the existence of a marriage.
This marriage recognition system can have an impact with regard to US Immigration because one’s marital status in the eyes of USCIS can determine what type of visa a couple can apply for. There are some situations in which USCIS will recognize a customary marriage when the couple has no ability to register a marriage in the appropriate jurisdiction, this issue can arise in refugee marriages. However, this is the exception and not the rule. In most cases, USCIS will make determinations based upon actual marital registration status.
Therefore, if a couple has conducted a customary wedding ceremony (religious or otherwise) and has yet to register the marriage at the Amphur office, then it is likely that USCIS will view the couple’s status as unmarried. However, it may be wise to retain attorney assistance in cases where marital registration is an issue, because failure to properly explain the couple’s marital situation could lead to a visa denial by USCIS based upon the decision that the couple does not meet the statutory requirements for the visa category.
From a strategic point of view, marriage registration can be beneficial or disadvantageous depending upon where the US petitioner resides because residence will determine which USCIS office has jurisdiction. In some cases being married will qualify the couple for an Immigrant Spouse visa that would have a comparatively quick processing time because the US Citizen petitioner qualifies for overseas filing. In other cases, being unmarried may be an advantage because a K1 visa can be obtained. Regardless, decisions pertaining to marriage should not be made solely or the purpose of acquiring US Immigration benefits. It is always wise for couples to make informed and thoughtful decisions after careful research and investigation.
Issues regarding a couple’s relationship status will likely become even more complex should Congress decide to pass the Uniting of American Families Act which would entitle Permanent Partners of US Citizens to Immigration benefits.
(Please take notice: this blog post should be used for informational purposes only and should not be used in place of competent legal advice from a licensed attorney. An Attorney-Client Relationship is NOT created between the author and reader of this piece.)
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