Integrity Legal

Each year, the United States of America opens the “visa lottery.” Basically, foreign nationals from countries with small numbers of immigrants in the United States are entitled to submit an application for a Diversity visa. As the name implies, the Diversity visa was designed to facilitate cultural diversity in the United States by providing immigrant visas to those originating from various foreign countries.

According to the United States Department of State diversity visa application registration began on October 2, 2009:

The Department of State announces the opening of the registration period for the DV-2011 Diversity Visa lottery. Entries for the DV-2011 Diversity Visa lottery must be submitted electronically between noon, Eastern Daylight Time (EDT) (GMT-4), Friday, October 2, 2009, and noon, Eastern Standard Time (EST) (GMT-5), Monday, November 30, 2009. Applicants may access the electronic Diversity Visa entry form (E-DV) at www.dvlottery.state.gov during the registration period. Paper entries will not be accepted. Applicants are strongly encouraged not to wait until the last week of the registration period to enter. Heavy demand may result in website delays. No entries will be accepted after noon EST on November 30, 2009.

It should be noted that the Diversity visa application is absolutely free. Under provisions of the United States Immigration and Nationality Act, there is a special visa category for so-called diversity immigrants.

We at Integrity Legal generally do not handle Diversity visa cases as the process is fairly straightforward and can often be handled by an applicant without retaining counsel. Unfortunately, there are those who attempt to defraud unwitting consumers. A common claim made by some is that a diversity visa can be obtained after paying an initial application fee which is absolutely not true. The application for a Diversity visa is provided free of charge.

Only 55,000 visas are available each year and as a result, the chance of acquiring this type of visa is rather low. That being said, the visa lottery winners are drawn from a list of those who are from countries with low numbers of immigrants in the USA. There is a list of countries whose nationals are ineligible for a diversity visa. The list of ineligible nationals has not changed since the last round of the diversity visa lottery. Those granted a diversity visa will be entitled to residence upon entry in the United States.

For more information regarding the Diversity Visa please see our previous posting on this blog.

Visit this website: www.dvlottery.state.gov for more details.

Tags: Diversity Visa, Green Card Lottery, US Visa Thailand, Visa Lottery
Posted in General Legal Information, Miscellaneous, US Visa and Immigration, US Visa Thailand | No Comments »

A happily uncommon issue that can arise in United States Immigration law is known as the “widows penalty.” The Widow’s penalty becomes an issue when the American Citizen Petitioner dies before the adjudication of a foreign spouse’s pending Immigration matter. For example, a widow of a United States Citizen could be penalized if her American spouse dies before the I-751 Petition to Remove the Conditions of Residence is adjudicated (also known as a “lift of conditions”). The logic underpinning the penalty is based upon the notion that the widow is no longer married to a United States Citizen and therefore cannot have conditions removed because the continuing marriage is the basis for removal of conditions. Currently, the United States courts are in the process of dealing with this issue and it would appear that there is an overwhelming feeling that the “widow’s penalty,” should be removed because it is somewhat inequitable.

In the recent case of Hanford v. Napolitano, a Texas Court held that the Widow of an American Citizen will be entitled to adjust status to permanent residence even if the American dies before adjudication provided the couple was lawfully married and there are no issues as to the bona fides of the relationship. To quote the court opinion:

“Under the plain language of the statute, Congress’s intent is clear: The Attorney General is precluded from adjusting the status of a non-immigrant except as a result of the marriage of the nonimmigrant to the very U.S. citizen who filed the petition in the first place to grant that alien’s nonimmigrant status. Situations such as Ms. Hanford’s meet the exemption. Plaintiff is entitled to adjustment of her legal status to that of permanent resident under the language of the statute because her legally filed application is a result of her marriage to the U.S. citizen who filed Form I-129F to obtain her nonimmigrant status.”

The Widow’s Penalty would seem to be falling by the wayside, but the law is not completely settled on the issue as some courts have differing rules regarding the adjudication of such cases. For those with a great deal of anxiety about their spouse’s ability to obtain an adjustment of status in the future, researching immigrant and non-immigrant visas may provide insight into the consequences of a US Citizen’s untimely death.  One major benefit of the Immigrant visa categories such as the IR1 visa and the CR1 visa is the fact that the foreign spouse enters the United States with lawful permanent residence upon entry. However, the processing time for these visas is considerably longer when compared with the K3 visa or the K1 visa.

Issues like this fully emphasize the reason why it may be imperative for an American to obtain licensed legal counsel for issues involving US visas. For more information about the importance of retaining licensed legal counsel, please see: How Can My Thai Fiancee Get US Citizenship?

Tags: Adjustment of Status, CR1 Visa, CR1 Visa Thailand, I-751, I751, K1 Visa, K1 Visa Thailand, K3 Visa, K3 Visa Thailand, US Visa, Widow's Penalty
Posted in Adjustment of Status, Fiance Visa Thailand, K-3 Visa Thailand, K1 Visa Thailand, Legal Opinion, Miscellaneous, US Visa and Immigration, US Visa Thailand, USCIS | No Comments »

In Thailand, a major concern for expatriates, tourists, and permanent residents is banking. Many people need to set up Thai bank accounts in order to transact personal business in the Kingdom or for international financial purposes. Unfortunately, like many things in Thailand, setting up a Thai bank account can be somewhat difficult, especially for a new arrival trying to establish themselves. In Thailand, each financial institution has its own unique set of rules and regulations imposed upon those who wish to set up an account. Compounding this byzantine situation is the fact that rules and requirements depend upon the type of account one wishes to set up. Business accounts, Foreign Currency accounts, personal savings accounts, and checking accounts all have differing documentation requirements.

For those entering the Kingdom on a Thai visa exemption, opening a bank account in Thailand may prove difficult as many banks are now requiring that an applicant have at least a long term non-immigrant Thailand visa. Some banks take their due diligence efforts one step further and require that a prospective account holder provide a Thai work permit. The practice of requiring a Thai work permit seems to have become a common requirement for nearly all Thai banks in recent months.

There are others who wish to set up Thai corporate bank accounts in the Kingdom, these people are often either the Managing Director of a Thai company or they are thinking of setting up a Thai company. In either case, a great deal of documentation must be submitted in order to obtain a Thai bank account for a Thai corporation. Even where a corporate account can be established, a personal savings account may be necessary if one wishes to have a debit card. As a general rule in Thailand, banks will not issue debit cards for corporate checking accounts. Credit Cards are also notoriously difficult to obtain for corporations as well as individuals who are not Thai Citizens. It is possible to obtain a Thai Credit card, but in many cases the requirements are extremely stringent.

An issue ancillary to Thai banking is Thai mortgages. Obtaining a Thai mortgage can be very difficult for a foreigner. For those wishing to buy a Thai condo it must be remembered that funds for purchase must be brought into the Kingdom from abroad. How this requirement interacts with issues surrounding the Thai mortgage likely is dependent upon the unique facts of the situation.

Tags: Thai Bank Account, Thai Banking, Thai Company, Thai Condo, Thai Credit Card, Thai Mortgage, Thai Visa, Thai Work Permit, Thailand Bank Account, Thailand Banking, Thailand company, Thailand Credit Card, Thailand Visa
Posted in General Legal Information, Legal Opinion, Miscellaneous, Thailand Business, Thailand Property, Thailand Real Estate | No Comments »

A major topic on this blog is the pursuit of unlicensed immigration practitioners and others who prey upon unsuspecting prospective immigrants for the pursuit of collecting illicit profits. As mentioned previously, the State of New York has taken a hard line against those posing as immigration attorneys. Recently, to quote a document issued by the State of New York:

“Subpoenas were issued today to the following organizations and several of their principals: Amanda C. Gillespie Inc., Mister Enry’s Consulting Services Ltd., Immigrants United Foundation, Immigration Specialist Helpline, Yours and Yours Only, Simply Different, Lian Tong Services, American Corporate Society, Mendez Accounting and Tax Service Corp., New York Novelties, North America Immigrant Services, Inc. d/b/a North America Immigration Consulting Corp., Omnipoint Naturalization Center, National Foundation for New Americans, Simply Done Immigration, Tamizdat Inc., Tanc. Inc., Worldwide Immigration Consultation Services, Baocheng Immigration Service Center, American Assessment Association, Xiu’s Restoring Center, and JP Consulting Services”

Impostors claiming to be Immigration attorneys are an unfortunate problem that State and Federal authorities are trying to address. The New Your State Attorney General commented upon this practice and his remarks were noted in the aforementioned press release:

“The consequences of bad legal advice can devastate individuals and their families, threatening their citizenship and chances for a life in this country. Today’s subpoenas broaden our investigation to nearly 100 entities across the five boroughs and underscore our commitment to finding and prosecuting unauthorized service providers that disregard the rights of people trying to make this country their home.”

In Thailand it is an all too common story to hear about people being hoodwinked by those posing as accredited immigration “agents.” This leads many Americans in Thailand to pose the question: “How can I be sure that the person advising my Thai fiancee is on the level?” One very effective method for ascertaining the qualifications of an “Immigration Lawyer,” is to simply ask the individual if they are: licensed to practice law, if so, in what US state, and can proof of said qualification be produced? A reputable attorney should be willing to provide this information and documentation. Should an individual be asked to provide this information and thereafter become hostile or non-responsive, then this may be an indication that the individual does not have a license to practice United States Immigration law. Caveat Emptor is a good principle to bear in mind when thinking of hiring another person to handle an Immigration matter, particularly in the field of US Family Immigration as one’s family members and loved ones more precious than any amount of money.

For related information please see: K1 visa

Tags: Immigration Lawyer Thailand, K1 Visa Thailand, My Thai Fiance, my thai fiancee, US Visa Thailand, Visa Agency Thailand, Visa Agent Thailand, Visa Attorney Thailand, Visa Lawyer Thailand
Posted in Fiance Visa Thailand, K1 Visa Thailand, Legal Opinion, Miscellaneous, US Visa Thailand | No Comments »

There are many expatriates living in the Kingdom of Thailand who opt to run their own business(es). In cases where the expat is not married to a Thai national, then it is highly likely that a Thai business visa will be used in order to remain in the Kingdom long term. A somewhat tongue-in-cheek question that often arises in the context of Thai business is: why do I need to pay my taxes? Although no one actually expects to be granted some sort of tax amnesty, the fact remains that no one really relishes paying taxes. It can be even more difficult when one takes into account the fact that Thailand is predominantly a cash based economy. However, for expats basing their visa status upon small business ownership in the Kingdom, visas and taxes are inexorably linked.

Each year, each and every limited company in Thailand must submit an up-to-date balance sheet reflecting the profits and losses for the previous fiscal year. The managing director of a Thai limited company can do themselves a great disservice by failing to submit a yearly balance sheet as this can be punishable by strict sanctions and fines. Thailand, like many nations, imposes a corporate tax upon nearly all legal entities operating within the jurisdiction of the Kingdom of Thailand.  Further a corporate witholding tax is required for certain transactions.

In Thailand, the most well known method of taxation is the Value Added Tax (aka VAT). The government places a value added tax of seven percent upon most goods and services. The consequences for a business that fails to pay these taxes can be severe.

The reader is likely asking themselves: “Ok, I understand, Thailand has taxes, but how does this effect my Thai visa?” One of the major concerns of Thai Immigration officers is that those present in the Kingdom of Thailand on a business visa will use a “shell company,” in order to maintain Business visa status. In order to forestall such chicanery, Thai Immigration routinely looks at the tax records of companies that employ foreigners. This mostly occurs when the foreign national attempts to obtain a visa extension or a visa extension renewal. This type of scrutiny can also occur at the Ministry of Labour when a foreigner submits an application for an extension of his or her Thai work permit. In cases such as this, it is always better to have a good record of tax payment as this can greatly facilitate the quick issuance of a Thai visa or work permit.

Tags: Thai VAT, Thai Visa, Thai Visa Extension, Thailand Immigration, Thailand taxes, Thailand VAT, Thailand Visa, Thailand Work Permit, VAT
Posted in General Legal Information, Legal Opinion, Miscellaneous, Thailand Business, Thailand Visa | No Comments »

On this blog we often try to point out the difference between retaining the services of a licensed American Immigration lawyer and using a “fly by night” operator posing as a lawyer or calling himself an “Immigration Consultant.” In recent years, the United States government and various state governments have taken a firm stand by increasing their diligence in stamping out the activities of these scam artists. In a recent development a person in Virginia was arrested, charged, convicted, and sentenced for fraud based upon the fact that they stole 1 million US dollars while claiming to be a competent specialist in the field of immigration.

The scam artist in question, “was sentenced last week to 41 months in prison for defrauding vulnerable immigrant applicants of approximately $1 million from June 2000 through December 2005.”

The above linked article further noted what is seen by some as something of a new attitude in the Federal law enforcement community with regard to Immigration fraud:

“Immigration fraud poses a severe threat to national security and public safety because it creates a vulnerability that may enable terrorists, criminals, and illegal aliens to gain entry to and remain in the United States. ICE [Immigration and Customs Enforcement] uproots the infrastructure of illegal immigration by detecting and deterring immigration fraud.”

This situation further highlights the need to conduct due diligence in order to make certain that a person claiming to be an Immigration specialist is truly certified to handle United States Immigration cases. Many confused Americans often ask, “How can I ensure that my Thai fiancee and I are dealing with a reputable attorney who is licensed to practice American Immigration law?”

Even in cases where an individual claims that they are an attorney, it is always wise to ask to see a license to practice law from at least one US state or US territory. Seeing this document will provide evidence that the person one deals with is, in fact, a lawyer. Further, it might be beneficial to further inquire as to the “lawyer’s” educational background. Make certain that they not only graduated from an ABA (American Bar Association) accredited law school, but that they passed the bar in at least one state, territory, or district in the USA. Any licensed attorney should also be registered in their state’s Supreme Court database or with their state bar association.

An unfortunate fact regarding the hiring of an unlicensed “lawyer” or “consultant” is that those type of operators are not bound by any type of ethical code. Licensed attorneys must comport their behavior to an ethical standard and are therefore obligated to do no harm to their clients. This code of conduct is not imposed upon those with no license to practice law.

Unfortunately the internet has played a role in the proliferation of so-called “visa companies,” and unlicensed lawyers. With that in mind, the prospective applicants should insist upon seeing a license in order to ensure they are dealing with a reputable operator.

Tags: American Visa Thailand, Immigration Lawyer, US Immigration, US Immigration Lawyer Thailand, us visa lawyer thailand, US Visa Thailand, Visa Scams Thailand
Posted in General Legal Information, Legal Opinion, Miscellaneous, US Embassy Thailand, US Visa and Immigration, US Visa Thailand | No Comments »

The question asked by many American Citizens in the United States or Expats in Thailand with a Thai Girlfriend: How do I obtain a Green Card for My Thai Fiancee? Before answering this question, the researcher needs to discern exactly what a Green Card is.

The Document commonly referred to as a “Green Card,” is in fact a term used to describe Lawful Permanent Residence in the USA. In family visa applications, there are essentially two ways of obtaining lawful permanent resident status: applying for an Immigrant visa and obtaining said status upon entry into the United States; or applying for a K1 visa, entering the United States, and applying for permanent residence through the process of adjustment of status. There are two types of lawful permanent residence: conditional lawful permanent residence and unconditional lawful permanent residence. Conditional permanent residence is reserved for those couples who either opt to adjust status in the United States or who have been married less than 2 years at the time they apply for a visa. Conditional permanent residence is conferred upon the entrant who travels to the United States on a CR1 visa. Unconditional permanent residence is conferred upon an entrant to the United States traveling on an IR1 visa.

If seeking an immigrant visa for a Thai fiancee, then the American Citizen will need to marry the Thai national before the application’s submission. In Thailand, marriage registration can be a very straightforward process provided both parties are legally free to marry. A common question with regard to Thai marriage registration: will the US recognize my Thai marriage to my thai fiancee? In short: yes. The United States recognizes the legality and binding effect of a legally sanctified matrimonial union executed in the Kingdom of Thailand provided that it is registered at the local Amphur office.

What about bringing my Thai fiancee to the United States on a K1 visa? This is an option pursued by many Thai-American couples as it is generally the fastest method of getting a Thai fiancee into the United States. The only real downside of the K1 visa is the fact that it requires a post-marital adjustment of status.

Where the fiancee enters and adjusts or marries abroad and enters on an Immigrant visa, if she decides to travel abroad subsequent to acquiring permanent resident status, then she may be wise in obtaining a reentry permit so that a presumption of residential abandonment does not arise. Those who have acquired a US reentry permit are free to remain abroad for up to 2 years without raising the suspicion that they are not ever returing to the United States.

Tags: CR1 Visa Thailand, Fiance Visa Thailand, Green Card, Green Card Thailand, Immigration Lawyer Thailand, K1 Visa Thailand, my thai fiancee, US Immigration Law Thailand, US Visa Thailand
Posted in Adjustment of Status, Fiance Visa Thailand, K1 Visa Thailand, Legal Opinion, Miscellaneous, Thailand Marriage Registration, us embassy bangkok, US Embassy Thailand, US Visa and Immigration, US Visa Thailand | 15 Comments »

The plight of many Burmese (Myanmar Nationals) living in Thailand is a sad one as many are not in any type of legal status or are simply refugees who cannot return to their home country. In a recent article, their situation was brought into sharp focus by the Thai media…and it was all due to a paper airplane. To quote the Canadian Press:

“A boy with no official nationality who lives in Thailand captured third place in a Japanese paper airplane contest Sunday after his tearful pleas to be allowed to attend prompted authorities to grant him a rare temporary passport for the event.”

It is truly inspirational when Thai people become upset due to a social injustice, because things tend to get done. Temporary passports have never been easily obtainable for people of any nationality living in Thailand, but in the case of those originally from Myanmar a request for an official travel document from the Thai government is often dismissed out of hand. The above article went further in discussing this particular situation:

“Mong’s ethnic Shan parents have only temporary permission to live and work in Thailand, so although he was born in the country he has only temporary resident status. Under normal circumstances, if he left and tried to return, his status would be revoked and he would be barred re-entry to the country where he was born.When his initial application for temporary exit papers was denied, the story dominated the front pages of Thai newspapers, and a national lawyers’ council petitioned the court on his behalf.”

Kudos to the Thai National Lawyers Council for taking up the cause of this young man. Asylees and refugees tend to have the most trouble obtaining legal documentation, particularly for travel. This article highlighted this fact and hopefully the plight of the Burmese in Thailand will be in the future thoughts of those in government positions.

It is interesting to note that this child’s family had not obtained Thai Permanent Residence. If that had been the case they may have been eligible for a Reentry Permit. Many Burmese from the Shan States of Myanmar live and work in Thailand illegally. There are certain parallels between these migrant workers and the undocumented Mexicans who enter the United States in order to work and live. Many of these people come from difficult environments in their home countries and they seek economic opportunities in Thailand or America. Although it is certainly a legal necessity to obtain proper documentation, the fact is that many people in dire circumstances do not have the time or the resources to go through the proper channels. A little bit of “give” on the part of the government can be beneficial in extenuating circumstances.

Tags: Asylum, Burma, Myanmar, Reentry Permit, Refugee, Stateless Person, Thai Passport, Thailand Temporary Passport
Posted in General Legal Information, Legal Opinion, Miscellaneous, Thai Family Law, Thailand Visa, Weird Law | No Comments »

It is interesting to discuss recent changes in Thai Immigration rules with the so-called “old timers” or “old Thailand hands” because they can remember far simpler times when Thai Immigration rules were far less byzantine and self-contradictory. That being said, Thailand was also a far less hospitable place in the past and a by-product of Thailand’s overall economic expansion has been a tightening of Thai Immigration regulations.

At one time, immediately following the second world war any entrant into the Kingdom was immediately accorded immigrant status which today would be known as Thai Permanent Residence. Although not Thai Citizens, Immigrant in the Kingdom were accorded a great many legal rights and privileges.

As time passed, a new immigration category was added: Non-immigrant. This category was initially intended for obvious tourists and other persons present in the Kingdom with non-immigrant intent. At this point it was still relatively easy to acquire permanent resident status in the Kingdom of Thailand. A visa holder classified as non-immigrant could generally convert their visa to the immigrant visa category within a few weeks and legally take up permanent residence (a process called adjustment of status in present USA visa parlance).

In the early to middle nineteen seventies, the sub-stratification of the non-immigrant visa category began. Within the non-immigrant visa category, the entrant was deemed to be in the Kingdom for a certain purpose. As a result there were Thai tourist visas, Thai business visas, Thai O visas, etc. Also, at this time, Thai Permanent Residence became extremely difficult to obtain when compared to the ease with which it could have been acquired in the past. Quotas were set regarding the number of applications that would be accepted for applicants of differing nationality.  An applicant was also required to remain in the Kingdom for at least three consecutive legally unbroken years before an application for residence would be accepted.

It is also interesting to hear about times past because the Thai work permit was originally not an issue. For a long time, it was not necessary for a foreign national in Thailand to obtain a work permit in order to be employed in the Kingdom. In the nineteen seventies, this situation changed and any non-Thai national was compelled to acquire a work permit to be employed in Thailand. Originally, many people were granted lifetime work permits. In other cases, the work permit itself had to be renewed but the particulars of the permit were not reviewable. This meant that although one had to maintain the necessary fees, the Ministry of Labour could not cancel the permit for any reason other than failure to pay the administrative fee. All of this is very different than the system today where Thai work permits are constantly renewable and visa regulations seem to change with the wind.

Tags: Thai Business Visa, Thai O Visa, Thai permanent residence, Thai Work Permit, Thailand Business Visa, Thailand Permanent Residence, Thailand Visa, Thailand Work Permit
Posted in Legal Opinion, Miscellaneous, Thailand Business, Thailand Visa, Weird Law | No Comments »

The E2 visa is a special non-immigrant visa available to prospective investors who are also citizens of countries with a trade or commercial treaty with the United States of America. Citizens of the Kingdom of Thailand can apply for E2 visa status as the United States and the Kingdom of Thailand, at the time of this writing, maintain a Treaty of Amity and Commerce.

In order to qualify for an E2 visa the applicant must invest a “substantial amount” of money into the American economy in the form of a business venture. Although not specifically defined in the statutes or treaties, the term “substantial amount” has been largely left to be determined by the Consular officers posted at the US Embassy or Consulate where the visa application is being submitted. Although information regarding the necessary amount of money varies, a minimum investment of at least one hundred thousand dollars should be available for investment before a prospective applicant should contemplate submitting an application. That being said, the investment will be viewed in relation to the overall enterprise. As a result, a one hundred thousand dollar investment may be viewed as substantial if one is setting up a small restaurant in a region with a relatively low cost of living. However, that same amount of money will probably not be viewed as “substantial” if one is seeking to undertake the construction of a shopping mall in a heavily urban area. The United States Citizenship and Immigration Service utilizes an ‘Inverted Sliding Scale’ in order to make determinations as to whether or not the underlying investment should be considered “substantial” in relation to the total cost of the economic endeavor.

Another issue that must be considered when discussing the E2 visa is the fact that the business investment ought to create employment opportunities for American Citizens. Although it is probably more desirable to hire American workers before the submission of the E2 application. Providing evidence that employment opportunities will come about in the reasonably foreseeable  future is usually sufficient for approval of at least the initial application.
Another visa category that is generally of interest to those researching the E2 is the L1 visa. The L1 visa is a non-immigrant visa category that employs the dual intent doctrine to allow foreign employees of an international company to transfer to a US-based affiliate for the purpose of carrying out business activity in the United States. In some cases, an already established foreign corporation will wish to establish a presence in the United States. In order to staff the new company, foreign managers and executives will need travel documents to travel and work in the United States.

For related information please see our page on the establishment of an Amity Treaty Company

Tags: American Visa, Amity Treaty Company, E 2 Visa, E2 Visa, L1 Visa, Treaty of Amity, us embassy bangkok, us embassy thailand, US Visa Thailand
Posted in General Legal Information, Legal Opinion, Miscellaneous, us embassy bangkok, US Embassy Thailand, US Visa and Immigration, US Visa Thailand | No Comments »