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	<title>Integrity Legal Blog &#187; Google Scholar</title>
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		<title>9th Circuit Case Rules Laptops Can Be Seized At US Border And Searched Off-Site</title>
		<link>http://integrity-legal.com/legal-blog/us-warrants/9th-circuit-case-rules-laptops-can-be-seized-at-us-border-and-searched-off-site/</link>
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		<pubDate>Wed, 13 Apr 2011 07:32:00 +0000</pubDate>
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				<category><![CDATA[Extradition]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit]]></category>
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		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://integrity-legal.com/legal-blog/?p=4598</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[It recently came to this blogger's attention that a 9th circuit decision in the United States Federal Court System regarding issues associated with the 4th Amendment...]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>It recently came to this blogger&#8217;s attention that a 9th circuit decision in the United States Federal Court System regarding issues associated with the 4th Amendment as well as issues which could impact American agencies such as the United States Customs and Border Protection (<a title="USCBP" href="http://integrity-legal.com/legal-blog/department-of-homeland-security/uscbp/global-entry-program-of-the-united-states-customs-and-border-protection-service-uscbp/" target="_blank">USCBP</a>) Transportation Security Administration (<a title="TSA" href="http://integrity-legal.com/legal-blog/department-of-homeland-security/new-hampshire-legislator-takes-aim-at-tsa-is-genital-groping-a-legitimate-operation-of-a-supreme-government/" target="_blank">TSA</a>) and the <a title="United States Immigration and Customs Enforcement Service" href="http://integrity-legal.com/legal-blog/department-of-homeland-security/usice/former-ice-attorney-receives-one-of-the-longest-sentences-ever-seen-in-a-public-corruption-case%E2%80%9D/" target="_blank">United States Immigration and Customs Enforcement Service</a> (<a title="USICE" href="http://integrity-legal.com/legal-blog/us-visa-immigration/american-immigration-lawyers-association-aila-launches-website-to-help-fight-fraudulent-us-immigration-consultants/" target="_blank">USICE</a>, but sometimes referred to simply as <a title="ICE" href="http://integrity-legal.com/legal-blog/us-visa-immigration/usice-removes-96-asian-immigration-violators-from-the-united-states/" target="_blank">ICE</a>) has been handed down.  To <a title="quote directly" href="http://news.yahoo.com/s/livescience/20110407/sc_livescience/laptopsandotherelectronicsmaybeseizedonentrytous" target="_blank">quote directly</a> from a recent article posted on <a title="Yahoo News" href="http://news.yahoo.com" target="_blank">Yahoo News</a> at Yahoo.com:</p>
<blockquote><p><strong><em> If you can’t let a day go by without accessing your personal data and  files, you’d better think twice about crossing the border back into the  U.S. with your computer.  That’s because digital devices such as a  laptop computer can be seized at the border without a warrant and sent  to a secondary site for forensic inspection.</em></strong></p>
<p><strong><em> That ruling from the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit last  week is the second in less than a year that allows the U.S. government  to conduct offsite searches of digital devices seized at the border  without a warrant, <a href="http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/livescience/sc_livescience/storytext/laptopsandotherelectronicsmaybeseizedonentrytous/40998817/SIG=10uurg947/*http://www.networkworld.com/">Network World</a></em> reported.</strong></p>
<p><strong><em> This could have big implications for business travelers, in particular,  who are increasingly mobile and frequently carry laptops and other  digital devices containing <a href="http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/livescience/sc_livescience/storytext/laptopsandotherelectronicsmaybeseizedonentrytous/40998817/SIG=12ks4l9j6/*http://www.businessnewsdaily.com/smartphones-security-business-personal-risk-1111/">sensitive</a> personal and company information across our borders. If your data  reveals traces of criminality or illegal kinkiness when examined, your  troubles will go way beyond temporary data denial.</em></strong></p></blockquote>
<p>This blogger has yet to take a great deal of exception with regard to American policy regarding the <a title="4th Amendment" href="http://integrity-legal.com/legal-blog/opinion/us-senator-says-there-is-not-time-to-go-through-proposed-patriot-act-extension-anyone-heard-this-before/" target="_blank">4th Amendment</a> at Ports of Entry in the United States of America as most occurrences that this blogger deals with in connection to such matters involve those who are not American Citizens, or for that matter sometimes not even lawful permanent residents or non-immigrants. Therefore, due to the wide latitude granted to Congress under their plenary authority regarding matters touching upon non-US Citizens and immigration policy it is difficult for this blogger to make cogent hypothetical arguments for people who have few, if any, rights under the American <a title="legal" href="http://www.legal.co.th" target="_blank">legal</a> system. That said, when it comes to the search and seizure of American Citizens it is clear that Constitutional protections of Americans&#8217; liberties must be taken into zealous consideration. The aforementioned article continued on Yahoo.com:</p>
<blockquote><p><strong><em>Writing for the majority, Judge Richard Tallman said, “The border search  doctrine is not so rigid as to require the United States to equip every  entry point — no matter how desolate or infrequently traveled — with  inspectors and sophisticated forensics equipment.”</em></strong></p></blockquote>
<p>The administration of this blog highly encourages all readers to click upon the above cited hyperlinks to read more from this thought provoking story.</p>
<p>This blogger does not particularly take exception with the notion of the so-called &#8220;border search doctrine&#8221; per se, but this blogger has always felt as though little consideration has been accorded to the notion of the <a title="rights, privileges, and immunities" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Privileges_or_Immunities_Clause_of_the_United_States_Constitution" target="_blank">rights, privileges, and immunities</a> of both United States Citizenship as well as underlying <a title="State Citizenship" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Privileges_and_Immunities_Clause" target="_blank">State Citizenship</a> (if applicable to the individual being legally analyzed as some individuals come by their United States Citizenship either through <a title="operation of law" href="http://integrity-legal.com/legal-blog/us-visa-immigration/i-864w-affidavit-of-support-for-immigrant-children-under-the-child-citizenship-act-of-2000/" target="_blank">operation of law</a> or <a title="naturalization" href="http://integrity-legal.com/legal-blog/thailand-company/amity-treaty-thailand-company/naturalization-to-united-states-citizenship-and-the-us-thai-treaty-of-amity/" target="_blank">naturalization</a>).</p>
<p>With all due respect to this Court as their decision had to be made pursuant to the unique set of law and facts available under the circumstances, this blogger&#8217;s &#8220;hackles get raised&#8221; anytime the issues associated with the fundamental rights, privileges, and immunities of United States Citizenship are at issue. Therefore, in order to shed more light upon this subject to the readership of this blog this blogger felt it might be enlightening to note some language from the introduction of the dissent in this case as <a title="quoted directly " href="http://scholar.google.co.th/scholar_case?case=13301420577667342258&amp;hl=en&amp;as_sdt=2&amp;as_vis=1&amp;oi=scholarr" target="_blank">quoted directly</a> from <a title="Judge Betty B. Fletcher" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betty_Binns_Fletcher" target="_blank">Judge Betty B. Flecther</a>:</p>
<blockquote><p><strong><em>I respectfully dissent. The &#8220;sticking point&#8221; of this case is not whether  the Government&#8217;s authority &#8220;to subject incoming travelers to inspection  for entry also permits the Government to transport property not yet  cleared for entry away from the border to complete its search.&#8221; Maj. Op.  at 4219-20. The real issue, as this case is framed by the government  and the majority, is whether the Government has authority to </em><em>seize an individual&#8217;s property in order to conduct an exhaustive search that takes days, weeks, or even months, with </em><em>no reason to suspect that the property contains contraband.<sup><a name="r[19]" href="http://scholar.google.co.th/scholar_case?case=13301420577667342258&amp;hl=en&amp;as_sdt=2&amp;as_vis=1&amp;oi=scholarr#[19]">[1]</a></sup> In other words, the problem with this case is not that the Government  searched Cotterman&#8217;s computer in Tucson as opposed to Lukeville. <span style="text-decoration: underline;">The  problem is that the Government seized Cotterman&#8217;s laptop so it could  conduct a computer forensic search, a time consuming and tremendously  invasive process, without any particularized suspicion whatsoever.</span></em></strong> [emphasis added]</p></blockquote>
<p>Those reading this blog are highly encouraged to click upon the links above to read the entire opinion as posted on <a title="Google Scholar" href="http://scholar.google.co.th/" target="_blank">Google Scholar</a>.</p>
<p>Clearly, the ruling in this case could have a dramatic impact upon those individuals traveling in or through the United States of America. That said, it remains to be seen whether or not this case sees appeal to the United States Supreme Court and should such an appeal be heard: the opinion thereof.</p>
<p>For related information please see: <a title="Arrest Warrant" href="http://integrity-legal.com/legal-blog/us-warrants/wikileaks-julian-assange-and-extradition-to-the-united-states-of-america/" target="_blank">Arrest Warrant</a>.</p>
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